What is the voltage reference? Basically voltage references are electronic components, devices or circuits designed to provide a constant direct current output value or a constant voltage regardless of variations in other external variables. These may include total equipment load, power supply variations, temperature, humidity, elapsed time, and various other variables.

What is Variable Frequency Drive? Basically variable frequency drives are also called AC drives. And another name of AC drive is variable frequency drive as well as variable speed drive. A variable frequency drive is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by changing the frequency and voltage of its power supply. And the variable frequency drive also has the ability to control the ramp-up and ramp-down of the motor during start or stop respectively.

What is air circuit breaker? Basically Air Circuit Breaker is also known as ACB and circuit breakers are all about extinguishing high-tripping currents or arc generated during power off condition. When the fixed and moving contacts in a circuit breaker are separated from each other during trip or off condition, a large amount of arc is generated. Hence, when air is used to extinguish the arc, it is known as an air circuit breaker. Air circuit breakers also use compressed air to blow out the arc, or alternatively, the contacts are rapidly rotated in a small sealed chamber to allow the displaced air to escape, thus blowing the arc. But, it must be known that the air used is operating at normal atmospheric pressure.

What is circuit breaker? Basically circuit breaker is an essential part of electrical circuit. And it is a device which is used as a protective switch for passing electric current with checking of tripping conditions. Usually the circuit breaker detects a trip condition, the breaker opens its contact and separates the input as well as the output voltage from each other contact. So, the basic function of a circuit breaker is to interrupt the current flow once a fault is detected. It remains open until the user resets the trip.

What is the working principle of transformer bushing?  Working principle of transformer bushing  Basically a bushing consists of several components. But we will take a general look at the main working principle. It mainly consists of an insulated body, into which the conductor passes. The insulation is usually made of porcelain or capacitance-grade material because it increases the dielectric strength. There is a space between the insulation body and the conductor. This space is filled with electrical-grade mineral oil, which has excellent insulation properties. It prevents direct contact between insulator and conductor. Porcelain is used because it handles a lot of electrical stress. Basically the same theory goes with capacitance-graded materials. Because high voltage stress can break low quality insulation very easily, it is important to use this type of material. Also, they have excellent mechanical strength, which increases the life of the bushing. Oil is properly filled in propor

What is Transformer and Transformer Bushing? What is a transformer?  Basically a transformer is a device which is used to step up or step down the voltage as required. Transformers are required in power transmission and generation stages, with high voltages. Since the transformer works at very high voltage, it is also necessary to take care that it works properly without any leakage or damage. And the transformer has one component that helps it to function properly, that component is the bushing. And without bushings, it is not possible to operate the transformer in any high-voltage condition and that generally in KV. What is Transformer Bushing?  A bushing is basically an electrical insulator that allows the safe passage of electrical conductor current. It is similar to any insulator around the conductor, which helps prevent any untoward incident from occurring. A transformer has two windings - primary and secondary (HV and LV). It makes connections with external wires to conduct elec

What is Oil Circuit Breaker?  Basically an oil circuit breaker is a type of high-voltage circuit breaker. When oil is used to extinguish the arc, it is known as an oil circuit breaker. In this type of circuit breaker, oil is used, but mineral oil is preferable. It performs better in insulating properties than air. The rotating contact and the fixed contact are immersed in insulating oil. When the arc forms, the oil vaporizes and decomposes into hydrogen gas. It eventually forms a hydrogen bubble around the bracket. This highly compressed gas bubble prevents the arc from striking again after the current reaches the zero crossing of the arc cycle.

What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?  SF6 circuit breaker is basically known as sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker and is a type of medium voltage circuit breaker. When sulfur hexafluoride gas is used to extinguish the arc, it is known as SF6 circuit breaker. This gas is known to extinguish the arc rapidly, as it has a very high dielectric strength and acts as an insulating medium. A large amount of arcing occurs when the fixed and moving contacts move away from each other during a trip or off condition. In SF6 circuit breakers, since the gas enclosure is arcing, the dielectric strength of the gas increases during arc formation. This automatically reduces or cancels the high current generated. SF6 circuit breakers have excellent insulating properties and high electro-negativity. It is used at voltages from 33KV to 800KV.

What is VCB?  VCB is known as vacuum circuit breaker. And vacuum circuit breaker is a type of medium voltage circuit breaker. Circuit breakers are all about extinguishing high-tripping currents or arcs generated in power-off conditions. So, when vacuum is used to extinguish the arc, it is known as vacuum circuit breaker. VCB is used at voltage of 11KV to 33KV. A large amount of arcing occurs when the stationary and moving contacts move away from each other during a trip or off condition. In this circuit breaker, since arcing occurs in a vacuum enclosure, the dielectric strength of the vacuum increases during arcing. In this circuit breaker, since arcing occurs in a vacuum enclosure, the dielectric strength of the vacuum increases during arcing. This automatically reduces or cancels the high current generated. It has a dielectric recovery character, excellent interruption and can interrupt the high-frequency current caused by arc instability, which is superimposed on the line frequency

What is MPCB?  MPCB ​​is known as motor protection circuit breaker and is a type of low-voltage circuit breaker. MPCB ​​works similar to MCCB, but the electrical features are designed in such a way that it efficiently protects the motors from various types of faults. Also, it has an on-off switch to switch the power supply to the motor on or off. It is worth noting that MCCB can also be used to protect motors, but it has limited motor protection functions as compared to MPCB. Some other faults that MPCB can protect the motor from are phase loss, current imbalance and under-voltage fault. MPCB ​​has a special feature of auto-resetting. This allows the motor to resume its function after a certain period of time after the motor is tripped. MPCB ​​has an adjustable bimetallic strip for overload protection. And this strip can be adjusted to any two set values ​​for overload protection. MPCB ​​can also provide protection against line-to-line faults and line-to-ground faults.

What is RCBO?  An RCBO is known as a residual current circuit breaker with overcurrent. And this is a type of low-voltage circuit breaker. Basically it is used to protect against earth leakage fault current along with over current. RCBO has additional protection against overload and over current. RCBO is mainly used in microcontrollers and can also be called as a combination of MCCB and RCCB. It is more useful than RRCB, as RCCB does not provide protection against over current. Some RCBOs also have indicators to indicate any earth fault.

What is RCCB?  RCCB is a residual current circuit breaker. And this is a type of low-voltage circuit breaker. Basically RCCB is used to protect against earth leakage fault current. It has small current ratings, typically up to 160A. RCCB provides protection against electric shock. This is because the role of RCCB is primarily to detect earth leakage and trip the circuit if detected. And basically there is a test circuit operation to check if the RCCB is working or not.

What is MCCB? MCCB is known as molded case circuit breaker. And this is a type of low-voltage circuit breaker. MCCB is generally used for high power requirement areas like industrial or large commercial applications. Also it can be used up to 2500 A. This enables the MCCB to be used in larger applications. MCCB's interrupt rating can go up to 200000 A. MCCB has various tripping functions like continuous ampere, long time delay, short time pickup, short time delay, instantaneous pickup and ground fault pickup. These are adjustable trip functions, meaning you can set the trip parameters to suit your needs; Thus providing more flexibility to the user to design the circuit. The MCCB is enclosed in a molding or housing of molded material and hence is known as a molded case circuit breaker.

What is MCB?  MCB is known as miniature circuit breaker. And this is a type of low-voltage circuit breaker. MCBs are used for household purposes or for low power requirements such as small electrical panels. Also it can be used up to 100 A only. And its interrupt rating is up to 18000 A. MCBs are very popular due to their ability to trip quickly.

What is a Circuit Breaker?   Basically, circuit breakers are an essential part of an electrical circuit. Circuit breakers are devices used as protective switches to pass current with tripping conditions. When it detects a trip condition, the circuit breaker opens its contact and isolates the input and output voltages from contacting each other. And the basic function of circuit breakers is to interrupt the current after a fault is detected. It remains open until the user resets the trip. Common Types of Industrial Circuit Breakers is a MCB (Mini Circuit Breaker)  MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)  RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)  RCBO (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent)  MPCB ​​(Motor Protection Circuit Breaker)  VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)  SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride Circuit Breaker) Oil circuit breaker

What is a node?  Basically a node is a junction where two or more circuit elements are connected together. And it has two types, minor node and major node. A minor node is a point at which only two elements are connected together. And a major node is the point at which three or more elements are joined together.

What is a network component?  Basically a network element is any circuit element with two terminals that can be connected to other circuit elements. 

What is load?  Basically a load is a device that consumes electrical energy like lamp, motor, heater. 

What is a source?  Basically a source is a device that supplies electrical energy like batteries, generators. 

What is an electrical circuit?  Basically an electrical circuit is a closed path through which current flows. All electrical circuits are electrical networks.