Operational Amplifier Fundamentals
And Effect Of Feedback In Amplifier Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

1. Negative feedback in an amplifier
a) Reduces gain
b) Increase frequency &phase distortion
c) Reduces bandwidth
d) Increases noise
Answer: Reduces gain
2. A differential amplifier has a differential gain of 20,000 . CMRR=80 dB. The common mode gain is given by
a) 2
b) 1
c) 1/2
d) 0
Answer: 2
3. The approximate input impedance of the OPAMP circuit which has Ri=10k, Rf=100k, RL=10k
a) ∞
b)120k
c)110k
d)10k
Answer: 10k
4. An amplifier using an opamp with slew rate SR=1v/μsec has a gain of 40db.if this amplifier has to faithfully amplify sinusoidal signals from dc to 20 KHz without introducing any slew-rate induced distortion, then the input signal level must not exceed
a) 795mV 
b) 395mV
c) 795 mV 
d) 39.5mV
Answer: 795 mV 
5. An ideal OP-AMP is an ideal
a) Current controlled Current source 
b) Current controlled voltage source
c) Voltage controlled voltage source 
d) voltage controlled current source
Answer: Current controlled voltage source
6. An OPAMP has a slew rate of 5 V/μ S .The largest sine wave O/P voltage possible at a frequency of 1MHZ is
a) 10 volts
b) 5 volts
c) 1 volts
d) 5/2 volts
Answer: 5/2 volts
7. A change in the value of the emitter resistance Re in a differential amplifier
a) affects the difference mode gain Ad
b) affects the common mode gain Ac
c)affects both Ad and Ac
d) does not effect either Ad and Ac
Answer: affects the common mode gain Ac
8. A differential amplifier is invariably used in the i/p stage of all OP-AMPs.This is done basically to provide the OP-AMPs with a very high
a) CMRR
b) bandwidth
c) slew rate
d) open-loop gain
Answer: CMRR
9. Most of the linear ICs are based on the two-transistor differential amplifier because of its
a) input voltage dependent linear transfer characteristic
b) high voltage gain
c) high input resistance
d) high CMRR
Answer: high CMRR
10. The ideal OP-AMP has the following characteristics.
a) Ri=∞ ,A=∞ ,R0=0 
b) Ri=0 ,A=∞ ,R0=0
c) Ri=∞ ,A=∞ ,R0=∞
d) Ri=0 ,A=∞ ,R0=∞
Answer: Ri=∞ ,A=∞ ,R0=0 

11. A 741-type OP-AMP has a gain-bandwidth product of 1MHz.A non-inverting amplifier using this opamp & having a voltage gain of 20db will exhibit -3db bandwidth of
a) 50 KHz 
b) 100KHz 
c) 1000/17 KHz 
d) 1000/7.07 KHz
Answer: 100KHz 
12. In the differential voltage gain & the common mode voltage gain of a differential amplifier are 48db &2db respectively, then its common mode rejection ratio is
a)23dB 
b)25dB 
c) 46dB 
d) 50dB
Answer: 46dB 
13. An amplifier without feedback has a voltage gain of 50,input resistance as 1 KΩ & Output resistance of 2.5KΩ.The input resistance of the voltage-shunt negative feedback amplifier using the above amplifier with a feedbacik factor of 0.2 is
a) 1/11KΩ 
b) 1/5KΩ 
c) 5KΩ 
d) 11KΩ
Answer: 1/11KΩ  
14. Three identical amplifiers with each one having a voltage gain of 50,input resistance of 1KΩ & output resistance of 250 ,are cascaded.The open circuit voltage gain of combined amplifier is
a) 49dB 
b) 51dB 
c) 98dB 
d) 102dB
Answer: 102dB
15. Voltage Series feedback (also called series-shunt feedback) results in
a) Increase in both input & output impedances
b) Decreases in both input & output impedances
c) Increase in input impedance & decreases in output impedance
d) Decrease in input impedance & increase in output impedance
Answer: Increase in input impedance & decreases in output impedance
16. An ideal operational amplifier has
a) infinite output impedance
b) zero input impedance
c) infinite bandwidth
d)All of the above
Answer: infinite bandwidth
17. Another name for a unity gain amplifier is:
a) difference amplifier
b) Comparator
c) single ended
d) voltage follower
Answer: voltage follower
18. The open-loop voltage gain (Aol) of an op-amp is the
a) external voltage gain the device is capable of
b) internal voltage gain the device is capable of
c) most controlled parameter
d) same as Acl
Answer: internal voltage gain the device is capable of
19. A noninverting closed-loop op-amp circuit generally has a gain factor:
a) less than one
b) greater than one
c) of zero
d) equal to one
Answer: greater than one
20. In order for an output to swing above and l below a zero reference, the op-amp circuit requires:
a) a resistive feedback network
b) zero offset
c) a wide bandwidth
d) a negative and positive supply
Answer: a negative and positive supply
21. If ground is applied to the (+) terminal of an inverting op-amp, the (–) terminal will:
a) not need an input resistor
b) be virtual ground
c) have high reverse current
d) not invert the signal
Answer: be virtual ground
22. With negative feedback, the returning signal:
a) aids the input signal
b) is proportional to output current
c) opposes the input signal
d) is proportional to differential voltage gain
Answer: opposes the input signal
23. A portion of the output that provides circuit stabilization is considered to be:
a) negative feedback
b) Distortion
c) open-loop
d) positive feedback
Answer: negative feedback
24. How many leads does the TO-5 metal can package of an operational amplifier have?
a) 8, 10, or 12
b) 6, 8, or 10
c) 8 or 14
d) 8 or 16
Answer: 8, 10, or 12
25. If a noninverting amplifier has an RIN of 1000 ohms and an RFB of 2.5 kilohms, what is the RIN voltage when 1.42 mV is applied to the correct input?
a) 3.5 mV
b) Ground
c) 1.42 mV
d) 0.56 mV
Answer: 1.42 mV
26. Input impedance [Zin(I)] of an inverting amplifier is approximately equal to:
a) Ri
b) Rf + Ri
c) ∞
d) Rf – Ri
Answer: Ri
27. The closed-loop voltage gain of an inverting amplifier equals:
a) the ratio of the input resistance to the feedback resistance
b) the open-loop voltage gain
c) the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance
d) the input resistance
Answer: the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance
28. All of the following are basic op-amp input modes of operation EXCEPT
a) inverting mode
b) common-mode
c) double-ended
d) single-ended
Answer: inverting mode
29. A circuit whose output is proportional to the difference between the input signals is considered to be which type of amplifier?
a) common-mode
b) darlington
c) differential
d) operational
Answer: differential
30. With negative feedback, the returning signal
a) is proportional to the output current
b) is proportional to the differential voltage gain
c) opposes the input signal
d) aids the input signal
Answer: opposes the input signal
31. The voltage follower has a:
a) closed-loop voltage gain of unity
b) small open-loop voltage gain
c) closed-loop bandwidth of zero
d) large closed-loop output impedance
Answer: closed-loop voltage gain of unity
32. The ratio between differential gain and common-mode gain is called:
a) amplitude
b) differential-mode rejection
c) common-mode rejection
d) phase
Answer: common-mode rejection
33. If the gain of a closed-loop inverting amplifier is 3.9, with an input resistor value of 1.6 kilohms, what value of feedback resistor is necessary?
a) 6240 ohms
b) 2.4 kilohms
c) 410 ohms
d) 0.62 kilohms
Answer: 6240 ohms
34. In an open-loop op-amp circuit, whenever the inverting input (–) is negative relative to the noninverting input (+), the output will:
a) swing negative
b) close the loop
c) be balanced
d) swing positive
Answer: swing positive
35. With a differential gain of 50,000 and a common-mode gain of 2, what is the common-mode rejection ratio?
a) –87.9 dB
b) –43.9 dB
c) 43.9 Db
d) 87.9 dB
Answer: 87.9 dB
36. If the input to a comparator is a sine wave, the output is a:
a) ramp voltage
b) sine wave
c) rectangular wave
d) sawtooth wave
Answer: rectangular wave
37. The major difference between ground and virtual ground is that virtual ground is only a:
a) voltage reference
b) current reference
c) power reference
d) difference reference
Answer: voltage reference
38. If an op-amp has one input grounded and the other input has a signal feed to it, then it is operating as what?
a) Common-mode
b) Single-ended
c) Double-ended
d) Noninverting mode
Answer: Single-ended
39. If the feedback/input resistor ratio of a feedback amplifier is 4.6 with 1.7 V applied to the noninverting input, what is the output voltage value?
a) 7.82 V
b) saturation
c) cutoff
d) 9.52 V
Answer: 9.52 V
40. The common-mode voltage gain is
a) smaller than differential voltage gain
b) equal to voltage gain
c) greater than differential voltage gain
d) None of the above
Answer: smaller than differential voltage gain
41. An ideal amplifier should have:
a) high input current
b) zero offset
c) high output impedance
d) moderate gain
Answer: zero offset
42. A differential amplifier has a common-mode gain of 0.2 and a common-mode rejection ratio of 3250. What would the output voltage be if the single-ended input voltage was 7 mV rms?
a) 1.4 mV rms
b) 650 mV rms
c) 4.55 V rms
d) 0.455 V rms
Answer: 4.55 V rms
43. The magnitude of closed-loop voltage gain (Acl) of an inverting amplifier equals:
a) the ratio of the input resistance to the feedback resistance
b) the open-loop voltage gain Aol
c) the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance
d) the input resistance
Answer: the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance
44. What is the difference between common-mode and differential-mode input signals?
a) phase relationship
b) voltage
c) current
d) apparent power
Answer: phase relationship
46.The input offset current equals the
a) average of two base currents
b) collector current divided by the current gain
c) difference between two base-emitter voltages
d) difference between two base currents
Answer: difference between two base currents
47. Common-mode signals have _____.
a) the same amplitude
b) the same phase
c) the same frequency
d) All of the above
Answer: All of the above
48. The voltage required to force the differential output to zero is called _______
a) input-offset current
b) input-offset voltage
c) input bias current
d) slew rate voltage
Answer: input-offset voltage
49. The common-mode rejection ratio (CMMR) is the ratio of _____ to ______.
a) the differential voltage gain, the common-mode voltage gain
b) the differential power gain, the common-mode power gain
c) the ideal voltage gain, the actual voltage gain
d) signal voltage, noise voltage
Answer: the differential voltage gain, the common-mode voltage gain
50. A virtual ground is a(n) ______ ground because this point is at zero volts.
a) ordinary
b) voltage
c) chassis
d) earth
Answer: voltage
51. The resistors Rf and Ri in an op-amp circuit control ______ .
a) positive feedback and current gain
b) negative feedback and power gain
c) negative feedback and voltage gain
d) open and closed loop gain
Answer: negative feedback and voltage gain
52. ______ is NOT a characteristic of an ideal op-amp.
a) Infinite voltage gain
b) Minimum bandwidth
c) Infinite input impedance
d) Zero output impedance
Answer: Minimum bandwidth
53. Current cannot flow to ground through a(n) ________.
a) mechanical ground
b) ac ground
c) virtual ground
d) virtual short
Answer: virtual ground
54. The output of a Schmitt trigger is a
a) pulse waveform.
b) sawtooth waveform.
c) sinusoidal waveform.
d) triangle waveform.
Answer: pulse waveform.
56. If an op-amp comparator has a gain of 100,000, an input difference of 0.2 mV above reference, and a supply of 12 V, the output will be
a) 20 V.
b) 12 V.
c) 10 V.
d) 15 V.
Answer: 12 V
57. A constant-current source delivers a load current that
a) remains constant when the load resistance changes.
b) varies with load resistance.
c) varies inversely with load resistance.
d) varies inversely with input voltage.
Answer: remains constant when the load resistance changes.
58. The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is primarily a ________ -to- ________ amplifier.
a) current, voltage
b) voltage, current
c) current, resistance
d) resistance, current
Answer: voltage, current
58. Transconductance is the ratio of the output
a) current to the input voltage.
b) current to the input current.
c) voltage to the input voltage.
d) voltage to the input current.
Answer: current to the input voltage.
59. The OTA has a ________ input impedance and a ________ CMRR.
a) high, low
b) low, high
c) high, high
d) low, low
Answer: high, high
60. An OTA has
a) a bias-current input terminal.
b) high output impedance.
c) no fixed open-loop voltage gain.
d) all of the above
Answer: all of the above
61. In which of the following are operational amplifiers (op-amps) used?
a) Oscillators
b) Filters
c) Instrumentation circuits
d) All of the above
Answer: All of the above
62. A voltage-follower amplifier comes to you for service. You find the voltage gain to be 5.5 and the input impedance 22 k . The probable fault in this amplifier, if any, is
a) the gain is too low for this type of amplifier.
b) the input impedance is too high for this amplifier.
c) nothing is wrong. The trouble must be somewhere else.
d) none of these.
Answer: none of these.
63. For an op-amp having a slew rate SR = 5 V/ms, what is the maximum closed-loop voltage gain that can be used when the input signal varies by 0.2 V in 10 ms?
a) 150
b) 200
c) 250
d) 300
Answer: 250
64. An op-amp has an open-loop gain of 100,000 and a cutoff frequency of 40 Hz. Find the open-loop gain at a frequency of 30 Hz.
a) 800
b) 8,000
c) 80,000
d) 100,000
Answer: 100,000
65. What is the level of the voltage between the input terminals of an op-amp?
a) Virtually zero
b) 5 V
c) 18 V
d) 22 V
Answer: Virtually zero
66. An op-amp has an open-loop gain of 75,000 and a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz. At 1 kHz the open-loop gain is down by
a) 10 dB.
b) 6 dB.
C) 20 dB.
d) 3 dB.
Answer: 20 dB.
67. What is the difference output voltage of any signals applied to the input terminals?
a) The differential gain times the difference input voltage.
b) The common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
c) The sum of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
d) The difference of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
Answer: The sum of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
68. A three-stage op-amp can have a maximum phase lag of ________°.
a) –180
b) –90
c) –270
d) none of the above
Answer: –270
69. What is the open-loop gain of an op-amp at the gain-bandwidth product of the op-amp?
a) 200,000
b) 50,000
c) 200
d) 1
Answer: 1
70. An RC network has R = 47 k and C = 0.22 F. What is the cutoff frequency?
a) 154 Hz
b) 1540 Hz
c) 1.54 Hz
d) 15.4 Hz
Answer: 15.4 Hz
71. A certain op-amp has an open-loop voltage gain of 150,000. What is this gain expressed in dB?
a) 51.7 dB
b) 103.5 dB
c) 150,000 dB
d) 5.18 dB
Answer: 103.5 dB
72. An IC unit made using both ________ and ________ transistors is called a ________ circuit
a) bipolar, MOSFET, BiFET
b) bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS
c) TTL, MOSFET, TailFET
d) MOSFET, TailFET, BiFET
Answer: bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS
73. What is the slew rate of an op-amp if the output voltages change from 2 V to 3 V in 0.2 ms?
a) 5 V/ms
b) 3 V/ms
c) 2 V/ms
d) 1 V/ms
Answer: 5 V/ms
74. The maximum rate of change of the output  voltage in response to a step input voltage is the ________ of an op-amp.
a) time constant
b) maximum frequency
c) slew rate
d) static discharge
Answer: slew rate
75. At what input voltage level does the output voltage level become numerically equal to the value of the differential gain of the amplifier?
a) Vi1 = –Vi2 = 0.25 V
b) V i1 = –V i2 = 0.50 V
c) V i1 = –V i2 = 0.75 V
d) V i1 = –Vi2 = 1.00 V
Answer: V i1 = –V i2 = 0.50 V
76. A practical op-amp has very ________ input impedance, very ________ output impedance, very ________ open-loop voltage gain, and a ________ bandwidth.
a) high, low, high, wide
b) high, high, low, narrow
c) low, high, high, wide
d) low, low, low, wide
Answer: high, low, high, wide
78. What is the level of the roll-off in most op-amps?
a) –6 dB / decade
b) –20 dB / octave
c) –6 dB / decade or –20 dB / octave
d) –20 dB / decade or –6 dB / octave
Answer: –20 dB / decade or –6 dB / octave
79. Calculate the output impedance of an inverting op-amp using the 741 op-amp (ro = 75 , AOL = 200 V/mV) if R1 = 100 and Rf = 1 k
a) 0.011
b) 0.00375
c) 0.0375 
d) 0.375
Answer: 0.00375
80. The input offset voltage drift is a parameter directly related to VOS and ________.
a) ID
b) power dissipation
c) temperature
d) phase shift
Answer: temperature
81. What is the difference voltage if the inputs are an ideal opposite signal?
a) The differential gain times twice the input signal.
b) The differential gain times the input signal.
c) The common-mode gain times twice the input signal.
d) The common-mode gain times the input signal.
Answer: The differential gain times twice the input signal
82. Which of the following circuit conditions affect(s) the output offset voltage of an op-amp?
a) An input offset voltage, VIO
b) An input offset current, IIO
c) Both an input offset voltage, VIO and an input offset current, IIO
d) None of the above
Answer: Both an input offset voltage, VIO and an input offset current, IIO
83. A(n) ________ amplifier configuration has a higher input impedance and a lower output impedance than the op-amp itself.
a) non-inverting
b) inverting
c) voltage-follower
d) None of the above
Answer: non-inverting
84. The ________ amplifier configuration has the highest input impedance and the lowest output impedance of the three basic op-amp configurations.
a) non-inverting
b) inverting
c) voltage-follower
d) None of the above
Answer: voltage-follower
85. In which of the following operations is the resulting output signal of the differential amplifier near zero?
a) Single-ended
b) Double-ended
c) Common-mode
d) None of the above
Answer: Common-mode
86. What is the voltage gain of the unity follower?
a) 0
b) 1
c) –1 
d) Infinity
Answer: 1
87. Negative feedback added to an op-amp ________ the bandwidth and ________ the gain.
a) increases, increases
b) increases, decreases
c) decreases, decreases
d) decreases, increases
Answer: increases, decreases
88. It takes an op-amp 22 s to change its output from –15 V to +15 V. Determine the slew rate.
a) 1.36 V/ s
b) 0.68 V/ s
c) –0.68 V/ s
d) cannot determine
Answer: 1.36 V/ s
89. An RC network has R = 500 k and C = 10 pF. Find the value of fc.
a) 31831 Hz
b) 31.831 kHz
c) 0.031831 MHz
d) all of the above
Answer: all of the above
90. What is the scale multiplier (factor) of a basic integrator?
a) R / C
b) C / R
c) –RC
d) –1 / RC
Answer: –1 / RC
91. Which of the following circuits is referred to as a BiMOS circuit?
a) Bipolar and FET
b) Bipolar and MOSFET
c) Opposite-type MOSFET
d) None of the above
Answer: Bipolar and MOSFET
92. In the differential amplifier circuit, which of the following terminals are connected together?
a) Bases
b) Collectors
c) One base to another collector
d) Emitters
Answer: Emitters
93. What is the cutoff frequency of an op-amp if the unity-gain frequency is 1.5 MHz and the open-loop gain is 100,000?
a) 5 Hz
b) 10 Hz
c) 15 Hz
d) 20 Hz
Answer: 15 Hz
94. The ________ is the voltage gain of an op-amp with external feedback.
a) Aol
b) Acl
c) Av
Answer: Acl
95. A(n) ________ amplifier configuration has an input impedance approximately equal to the input resistor Ri and an output impedance approximately equal to the output impedance of the op-amp itself.
a) non-inverting 
b) inverting
c) voltage-follower
Answer: inverting
96. What is the difference voltage if the inputs are an ideal in-phase signal?
a) The differential gain times twice the input signal.
b) The differential gain times the input signal.
c) The common-mode gain times twice the input signal.
d) The common-mode gain times the input signal.
Answer: The common-mode gain times the input signal.
97. What is the level of the current through the amplifier input(s) to ground in an op-amp?
a) Virtually zero
b) 1.7 mA
c) 2.8 mA
d) 3.3 mA
Answer: Virtually zero
98. Open-loop voltage gain of an op-amp can range up to ________.
a) 10,000 
b) 50,000
c) 100,000 
d) 200,000
Answer: 200,000
99. At what input voltage level does the output voltage level become numerically equal to the value of the common-mode gain of the amplifier?
a) Vi1 = –Vi2 = 0.25 V
b) Vi1 = –Vi22 = 0.50 V
c) Vi1 = –Vi2 = 0.75 V
d) Vi1 = –Vi2 = 1.00 V
Answer: Vi1 = –Vi22 = 0.50 V
100. Which of the following is (are) the result of gain reduction by a feedback?
a).The amplifier voltage gain is a more stable and precise value.
b) The input impedance of the circuit is increased over that of the op-amp alone.
c) The output impedance is reduced over that of the op-amp alone.
d) All of the above
Answer: All of the above