H2S Analyzers Questions & Answers 1. Which of the following is not an advantage of electrochemical cells used for analysis of H2S? a) Portable battery operated instrument b) Pocket sized instrument c) No pumps are needed d) No interference from background gases Answer: d 2. Which of the following methods are mainly used in combustible gas detection equipment? a) Lead acetate tape staining method b) Solid state sensor c) Gold film sensor d) Electrochemical cells Answer: b 3. Which of the following is not an advantage of solid state sensor used for analysis of H2S? a) No sampling system b) It can be used in conditions involving vibration c) It can be used in corrosive atmosphere d) No interference from background gases Answer: d 4. Which is the compound that forms the stain in Lead Acetate Tape Staining method used for the analysis of Hydrogen Sulphide and what is the colour of the stain? a) Lead Sulphide, red colour b) Lead Sulphide, brown colour c) Hydrogen acetate, white colour

  Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 1. Tandem mass spectroscopy combines which of the following devices? a) Mass spectrometer and gas-solid chromatograph b) Mass spectrometer and gas-liquid chromatograph c) Mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph d) Mass spectrometer and mass spectrometer Answer: d 2. In tandem spectroscopy, the first stage sepatation device is a mass spectrometer. a) True b) False Answer: a 3. Which of the following is used to separate a single mass that is characteristic of a given analyte in a mixture? a) First mass spectrometer b) Second mass spectrometer c) Filter d) Precursor Answer: a 4. The mass-selected ions are activated in which of the following ways that causes them to fall apart to produce product ions? a) Collisional activation b) Evaporational activation c) Inert gas activation d) Thermal activation Answer: a 5. The final MS/MS spectrum consists only of product ions from the selected precursor. a) True b) False Answer: a 6. In reverse-geometry mass spectrometer w

 High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. Principle  The basic principle of separation by high performance liquid chromatography is similar to classical liquid or column chromatography (LC) though it differs with  regard to the size of the column and the sample. It differs from LC in terms of speed, automation, elution time and individual manual assays of collected fractions. In case of HPLC, microgram amounts of the sample is allowed to pass through a column containing stationary solid inert phase coated with non-volatile liquid phase by means of pressurized flow of a liquid mobile phase where components migrate at different rates due to different relative affinities. Comparison of column size, characteristics of packing material and pressure requirements to force the mobility of mobile phase in classical column chromatography. According

  Fluorescent Spectrometer   Fluorescence spectrometry is a fast, simple and inexpensive method to determine the concentration of an analyte in solution based on its fluorescent properties. It can be used for relatively simple analyses, where the type of compound to be analyzed (‘analyte’) is known, to do a quantitative analysis to determine the concentration of the analytes. Fluorescence is used mainly for measuring compounds in solution. In fluorescence spectroscopy, a beam with a wavelength varying between 180 and ∼800 nm passes through a solution in a cuvette. We then measure – from an angle - the light that is emitted by the sample. In fluorescence spectrometry both an excitation spectrum (the light that is absorbed by the sample) and/or an emission spectrum (the light emitted by the sample) can be measured. The concentration of the analyte is directly proportional with the intensity of the emission. There are several parameters influencing the intensity and shape of the spectra.

 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Questions and Answers 1. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a long or a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following? a) Luminescence b) Fluorescence c) Phosphorescence d) Spontaneous emission Answer: a 2. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following? a) Luminescence b) Fluorescence c) Phosphorescence d) Spontaneous emission Answer: b 3. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a long time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following? a) Luminescence b) Fluorescence c) Phosphorescence d) Spontaneous emission Answer: c 4. Prompt emission of X-ray by an atom ionised by a higher energy X-ray is a type of which

  X-Ray Absorption Meter Questions and Answers 1. Absorption meter is __________ and ____________ of the chemical state of the element concerned. a) Non-destructive, independent b) Destructive, independent c) Non-destructive, dependent d) Destructive, dependent Answer: a 2. X-ray absorption meters have which of the following major disadvantages? a) Low accuracy b) Low range c) Low sensitivity d) It is destructive Answer: c 3. The applications of X-ray absorption meters are limited when compared with X-ray emission procedures. a) True b) False Answer: a 4. In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the cell and the X-ray tube? a) Collimator b) Filter c) Chopper d) Attenuator Answer: c 5. In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the chopper and the reference cell? a) Collimator b) Filter c) Photomultiplier tube d) Attenuator Answer: d 6. In absorption meter, the two halves of the X-ray beam are allowed to fall on which of the following components?

  X-Ray Diffractometers Questions & Answers 1. X-ray diffractometers are not used to identify the physical properties of which of the following? a) Metals b) Liquids c) Polymeric materials d) Solids Answer: b 2. X-ray diffractometers provide ____________ information about the compounds present in a solid sample. a) Quantitative b) Qualitative c) Quantitative and qualitative d) Either quantitative or qualitative Answer: c 3. Using powder method of diffractometers, which of the following can be determined? a) Percentage of K+ b) Percentage of Na+ and Cl- c) Percentage of KBr and NaCl d) Percentage of Br- Answer: c 4. In powder method, the powder sample is contained in which of the following? a) Thin walled glass capillary tubes b) Thin walled test tube c) Thin walled curvettes d) Thin walled flask Answer: a 5. Which of the following is the most common instrument for photographic recording of diffraction patterns? a) Debye-Scherrer powder camera b) Gamma camera c) Geiger tube d) Scint

  Radiation Detectors Questions & Answers 1. Liquid samples must be counted using ionization chamber by placing them in which of the following? a) Test tube b) Curvette c) Ampoules d) Flask Answer: Ampoules 2. Gaseous compounds containing radioactive sources can be directly introduced into the ionization chamber. a) True b) False Answer: True 3. When X-ray enters the solid state detector it produces ion pair rather than electron-hole pair. a) True b) False Answer: False 4. Which of the following is not a type of radiation detectors? a) Geiger Muller counter b) Proportional counter c) Semiconductor detector d) Flame emission detector Answer: Flame emission detector 5. ‘When nuclear radiations pass through, gas ionization is produced.’ This is the principle of which of the following detectors? a) Proportional counter b) Flow counter c) Geiger Muller counter d) Scintillation counter Answer: Geiger Muller counter 6. Which of the following acts as quenching gas in Geiger Muller counter?

  X-Ray Spectroscopy Questions & Answers 1. The cathode in the Coolidge tube is made of which of the following elements? a) Quartz b) Iron c) Tungsten d) Barium Answer: Tungsten 2. In X-ray spectrometers, the specimen or the sample is placed after which of the following components? a) X-ray tube b) Monochromator c) Collimator d) Detector Answer: X-ray tube 3. Using which of the following components is the generated x-rays focussed upon the specimen? a) X-ray tube b) Monochromator c) Collimator d) Detector Answer: Collimator 4. When compared to filters, monochromators provide much signal to noise ratio. a) True b) False Answer: True 5. The cathode in the Coolidge tube is kept in an inclined manner. a) True b) False Answer: False 6. Which of the following is not a target metal used in Coolidge tube? a) Rhodium b) Cobalt c) Gold d) Silver Answer: Gold 7. How can the resolution of the collimator be increased? a) By reducing the separation between the metal plates of the collimator b) B

  Radioactive Instrumentation Radioactive Instrumentation multiple choice questions X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Questions and Answers 1. The energy of the emitted X-rays depends upon the _________ of the atom and their intensity depends upon the __________ a) Atomic number, amount of sample b) Mass number, amount of sample c) Mass number, concentration of atoms d) Atomic number, concentration of atoms Answer: Atomic number, concentration of atoms 2. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following? a) Luminescence b) Fluorescence c) Phosphorescence d) Spontaneous emission Answer: Fluorescence 3. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a long time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following? a) Luminescence b) Fluorescence c) Phosphorescence d) S

   Atomic absorption spectrophotometer 1. Which of the following is the principle of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy? a) Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states b) Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured c) Colour is measured d) Colour is simply observed Answer: Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states 2. In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, which of the following is the generally used radiation source? a) Tungsten lamp b) Xenon mercury arc lamp c) Hydrogen or deuterium discharge lamp d) Hollow cathode lamp Answer: Hollow cathode lamp 3. In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, with what material is the cathode in Hollow cathode lamp constructed ? a) Tungsten b) Quartz c) Element to be investigated d) Aluminium Answer: Element to be investigated 4. How can the intensity of radiation be increased in Hollow cathode lamp? a) Addition of non-conductive protective shield of m

  Instrumental Methods for Chemical Analysis Atomic absorption spectrophotometer 1. Which of the following is the principle of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy? a) Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states b) Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured c) Colour is measured d) Colour is simply observed Answer: Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states 2. In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, which of the following is the generally used radiation source? a) Tungsten lamp b) Xenon mercury arc lamp c) Hydrogen or deuterium discharge lamp d) Hollow cathode lamp Answer: Hollow cathode lamp 3. In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, with what material is the cathode in Hollow cathode lamp constructed ? a) Tungsten b) Quartz c) Element to be investigated d) Aluminium Answer: Element to be investigated 4. How can the intensity of radiation be increased in Hollow cathode lamp? a) Additio