What is an optical level switch? Optical level switch Optical level switches are basically the same as radar sensors; The difference is that optical light is emitted instead of waves. And the light is transmitted and reflected back into the conical prism structure. This means that light will not travel all the way through the medium, but will be confined within a structure. And there is no medium in this structure, then the light will be reflected back. If a medium is present, the light will not be reflected back. This changes the electrical output.

What is a paddle type level switch? Paddle type level switch Basically it's a very simple concept and works on the movement of a paddle. And below is installed in the sensor setup, which is driven by a small electric motor. In the absence of any medium, the paddle will rotate freely. If in contact with any medium, more force will be required to move the paddle. It may also happen that the pedal stops rotating. This rotational change changes the electrical output.

What is an inductive level switch? Inductive level switch Basically an inductive level switch works on the principle of electromagnetic radiation and eddy currents. And it uses an oscillator resonant circuit that uses a core magnetic coil to generate a strong electromagnetic field. When this field penetrates the media, it creates eddy currents that reduce the amplitude of the oscillations. This switch changes the electrical output.

What is a vibrating fork level switch? Vibrating fork level switch Basically the vibrating fork level switch works on the principle of vibration. And it uses a fork that vibrates every time through an internal mechanism. When this fork comes in contact with the media, the vibration level changes. This changes the electrical output.

What is a Radar and Laser Level Switch? Laser level switch Basically radar and laser level switches are non-contact switches that emit ultraviolet radar rays as well as microwaves to transmit and reflect waves. And the waves touch the surface of the media and are reflected back to the transmitter. It then measures the distance or height of the medium by measuring the time it takes to transmit and receive and the speed of the waves.

What is capacitive level switch? Capacitive level switch Basically this switch is like a capacitor, the switch has an insulated electrode that acts as the first plate and the tank wall (reference electrode) acts as the second plate. And the capacity between the two varies with the height of the medium level. As the level changes, the capacitance changes and so does the electrical output.

What is a conductivity level switch? Conductivity level switch Basically the conductance level switch work is similar to the capacitance level switch; And the only difference is that it works on resistance. And this is similar to the probe theory mentioned earlier, the difference in resistance between them (based on the media layer) converts to electrical output. It will only work if the media has some conductivity, which causes electrical resistance.

What is Displacer Level Switch? Displacer level switch Basically the displacer level switch works on the principle of weight displacement. And a displacer is used, which is a very heavy float type, suspended by a spring. When the media level touches the displacer and submerges it in water, due to the buoyant force and the weight of the displacer relative to the acting medium. This releases the spring pressure and changes the electrical output. This means that the weight of the displacer must be greater than the weight of the media in normal condition (when the media is not touched). Only then, it will detect the change in weight.

What is a float level switch? Float level switch Basically float switch is the most common type of level switch. It is mounted or floating on the media to be sensed. Suppose it is floating on a liquid. When the float is in the upright position or above the upright position, it means the level is correct. Now, let's say the float goes below the vertical position. This means the level has dropped and because of this, the switch will change its electrical output. The switch consists of a magnet with a reed switch. It is the switch that transmits the electrical signal. The switch is moved by a magnet which changes its position according to the floating level sensed.

What are the types of level switches? Types of level switches Float Level Switch, Diaphragm Level Switch, Capacitive Level Switch, Conductivity Level Switch, Displacer Level Switch, Inductive Level Switch, Vibrating Fork Level Switch, Optical Level Switch, Radar and Laser Level Switch, Paddle Type Level Switch

Level Sensors  Basically level sensors are used to measure as well as detect the level of liquids or liquids. And level sensor is divided into several categories some commonly used level sensors are reflex level sensor, tank level sensor, bi-color level sensor, transparent level sensor. What are the applications of level sensors?   Commonly level sensors are used in many industries  Beverage and food manufacturing plants  Oil production plants  Pharmaceutical industry  Paper and Pulp Manufacturing Industry  Power Generating Plants  Petrochemical industry  Chemical industry  Water treatment plant  Waste Material Handling Industry

  Level Measurement Accurate continuous measurement of volume of fluid in containers has always been a challenge to industry. This is even more so in the nuclear station environment where the fluid could be acidic/caustic or under very high pressure/temperature. We will now examine the measurement of fluid level in vessels and the effect of temperature and pressure on this measurement. We will also consider the operating environment on the measurement and the possible modes of device failure. Level Measurement Basics Very simple systems employ external sight glasses or tubes to view the height and hence the volume of the fluid. Others utilize floats connected to variable potentiometers or rheostats that will change the resistance according to the amount of motion of the float. This signal is then input to transmitters that send a signal to an instrument calibrated to  read out the height or volume. In this module, we will examine the more challenging situations that require inferential

  Three Valve Manifold  A three-valve manifold is a device that is used to ensure that the capsule will not be over-ranged. It also allows isolation of the transmitter from the process loop. It consists of two block valves - high pressure and low- pressure block valve and an equalizing valve. Below Figure shows a three valve manifold arrangement. During normal operation, the equalizing valve is closed and the two block valves are open. When the transmitter is put into or removed from service, the valves must be operated in such a manner that very high pressure is never applied to only one side of the DP capsule. Operational Sequences of Three-Valve Manifold Valving Transmitter into Service  To valve a DP transmitter into service an operator would perform the following steps: Check all valves closed.  Open the equalizing valve ñ this ensures that the same pressure will be applied to both sides of the transmitter, i.e., zero differential pressure.  Open the High Pressure block valve slow

Level Measurement Basics  Very simple systems employ external sight glasses or tubes to view the height and hence the volume of the fluid. Others utilize floats connected to variable potentiometers or rheostats that will change the resistance according to the amount of motion of the float. This signal is then inputted to transmitters that send a signal to an instrument calibrated to read out the height or volume.  In this module, we will examine the more challenging situations that require inferential level measurement. This technique obtains a level indication indirectly by monitoring the pressure exerted by the height of the liquid in the vessel.  The pressure at the base of a vessel containing liquid is directly proportional to the height of the liquid in the vessel. This is termed hydrostatic pressure. As the level in the vessel rises, the pressure exerted by the liquid at the base of the vessel will increase linearly. Mathematically, we have:  P = S.H where  P = Pressure (Pa)  S =