Reliability 1. In parallel configuration of five components, the entire system will fail if _____ a) any two components fail b) any three components fail c) all the components fail d) any one components fail Answer: all the components fail 2. System reliability for components kept in series _______ as the number of components increases. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains unchanged d) Cannot be determined Answer: Decreases 3. Reliability is the probability of a system or service to perform its intended function satisfactorily over a specific period of time under specific conditions. a) True b) False Answer: True 4. Reliability is a measure of how quality changes over time. a) True b) False Answer: True 5. What does the graph of ‘bathtub curve’ represent? a) Failure rate v/s Mean b) Failure rate v/s Time c) Failure rate v/s Distance d) Failure rate v/s Velocity Answer: Failure rate v/s Time 6. The life-test sample plans that are terminated when a pre-assigned number of failures occur

  V to I Converters (Voltage to Current Converter) 1. Find the voltage drop across the zener diode in the zener diode tester from the given specifications: I Zk =1mA, V Z  =6.2v, input voltage= 1.2v, output voltage =3.2v and resistance in series with meter =150Ω. a) 6.2mA b) 8mA c) 21.33mA d) Cannot be determine Answer: 6.2mA 2. For voltage to current converter with grounded load, establish a relation between the non-inverting input terminals and load current a) V 1  = [V in +V o -(I L ×R)] /2 b) V 1  = [V in -V o -(I L ×R)] /2 c) V 1  = [V in +V o -I L +R] /2 d) V 1  = [V in +V o +(I L ×R)] /2 Answer: V 1  = [V in +V o -(I L ×R)] /2 3. Voltage to current converter is also called as a) Current series positive feedback amplifier b) Voltage series negative feedback amplifier c) Current series negative feedback amplifier d) Voltage series positive feedback amplifier Answer: Current series negative feedback amplifier 4. The maximum current through the load in all applicatio

  Converter Multiple Choice Questions and Answers 1. A rotary converter in general construction and design is more or less like a) Transformer b) An induction motor c) An alternator d) Any DC machine Answer: Any DC machine 2. In which of the following equipment direct current is needed? a) Telephones b) Relays c) Time switches d) All of the above Answer: All of the above 3. In a single phase rotary converter the number of slip rings will be a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five Answer: Two 4. A rotary converter is a single machine with a) One armature and one field b) Two armatures and one field c) One armatures and two fields d) None of the above Answer: One armature and one field 5. With a motor converter it is possible to obtain DC voltage only up to a) 200 to 400 v b) 600 to 800 v c) 1000 to 1200 v d) 1700 to 2000 v Answer: 1700 to 2000 v 6. A rotary converter combines the function of a) An induction motor and a DC generator b) A synchronous motor and a DC generator c) A dc series motor

  Instrumentation Amplifier 1. The length of the transmission lines are a) Longer than 10 meters b) Shorter than 10 meters c) Equals to 10 meters d) None of the mentioned Answer: None of the mentioned 2. Transmission line are used for a) Output signal b) Input signal c) Signal transfer d) All of the mentioned Answer: Signal transfer 3. An instrumentation system does not include a) Transducer b) Instrumentation amplifier c) Automatic process controller d) Tester Answer: Tester 4. Strain gage is an example of which device? a) Transducer b) Voltage follower c) Integrator d) Differentiator Answer: Transducer 5. Why output of transducer is not directly connected to indicator or display? a) Low level output is produced b) High level output is produced c) No output is produced d) Input is fed directly Answer: Low level output is produced 6. General purpose op-amps are used in applications as a) Instrumentation amplifier b) Differential instrumentation amplifier c)

  Linear Opto Isolator  1. A device which is made of isolators and follows a closed loop path is called as a ____ a) Circulator b) Gyrator c) Attenuator d) Connector Answer: Circulator 2. It is a passive device which allows the flow of optical signal power in only one direction and preventing reflections in the backward direction. a) Fiber slice b) Optical fiber connector c) Optical isolator d) Optical coupler Answer: Optical isolator 3. Magneto-optic devices can be used to function as isolators. a) True b) False Answer: True 4. A combination of a FBG and optical isolators can be used to produce non-blocking optical wavelength division add/draw multiplexers. a) True b) False Answer: False 5. How many implementation methods are available for optical isolators? a) One b) Four c) Two d) Three Answer: Three 6. An FBG is developed within a fiber core having a refractive index of 1.30. Find the grating period for it to reflect an optical signal with a wavelength of 1.33

  Phase Locked Loop   1. At what range the PLL can maintain the lock in the circuit? a) Lock in range b) Input range c) Feedback loop range d) None of the mentioned Answer: Lock in range 2. At which state the phase-locked loop tracks any change in input frequency? a) Free running state b) Capture state c) Phase locked state d) All of the mentioned Answer: Phase locked state 3. The output voltage of phase detector is a) Phase voltage b) Free running voltage c) Error voltage d) None of the mentioned Answer: Error voltage 4. Free running multivibrator is also called as a) Stable multivibrator b) Voltage control oscillator c) Square wave oscillator d) Pulse stretcher Answer: Voltage control oscillator 5. What is the function of low pass filter in phase-locked loop? a) Improves low frequency noise b) Removes high frequency noise c) Tracks the voltage changes d) Changes the input frequency Answer: Removes high frequency noise 6. What is the need to generate corrective control voltage? a) To

  Top 50 Instrument and System Design (ISD) Objective Questions and Answers 1. What is the operating temperature range of consumer electronics products? a) 0°C to 70°C b) -25°C to 85°C c) -55°C to 125°C  d) -75°C to 90°C Answer: 0°C to 70°C 2. Which terminology enables the user to develop certain novel features and modify the designs as per the requirement level? a) Simulation b) Prototype c) Product d) Quality Answer: Prototype 3. First digit of IP standard shows the degree of protection against a) Solid object and dust b) Liquids c) Mechanical protection d) Non of these Answer: Solid object and dust 4. The manufacturing of the product starts after a) Pilot production batch b) Environmental testing c) QA testing d) Paper Design Answer: QA testing 5. Which among the below mentioned approaches belongs to the category of In-circuit Testing? a) Impedance Testing b) Component Testing c) Apply Signal and check output d) All of the these Answer: All of the these 6. The effects of EMI can be

  Signal Conditioners 1. What is the full form of IIR in terms of signal filtering? a) Infinite impulse response b) Infinite impulse reduction c) Infinite impulse recombination d) Instant impulse response Answer: Infinite impulse response 2. What is the full form of FIR in terms of signal filtering? a) Finite impulse response b) Finite impulse reduction c) Finite impulse recombination d) Filthy impulse response Answer: Finite impulse response 3. Which filter contains entirely passive elements? a) Electrical filter b) Mechanical filter c) Digital filter d) Optical filter Answer: Electrical filter 4. A system is said to be non causal if its present output depends on the future inputs. a) True b) False Answer: True 5. A system is said to be causal if its output depends on the future inputs. a) True b) False Answer: False 6. Derivative of a unit step signal is zero everywhere. a) True b) False Answer: False 7. Capacitor can be used for signal filtering. a) True b) False Answer: True 8. Whi

  PCB Designing 1. Which phenomenon is not reduced by the circuit paths of lowest impedances especially provided by power and return planes for shielding purposes? a) Radiation b) Convection c) Noise d) Crosstalk Answer: Convection 2. High current circuits are purposely located or placed near the edge of PCB in accordance to the supply lines for  ________ a) Removal of heat b) Isolation of stray current c) Reduction of path length d) All of the above Answer: Removal of heat 3. Which among the below stated soldering methods is also renowned as 'High Frequency Resistance Soldering'? a) Iron Soldering b) Furnace Soldering c) Torch Soldering d) Electrical Soldering Answer: Electrical Soldering 4. Which among the below mentioned approaches belongs to the category of In-circuit Testing? a) Impedance Testing b) Component Testing c) Apply Signal and check output d) All of the above Answer: All of the above 5. Which type of solderability testing is carried out for t

  Basics of Standards Documentation 1. NEMA-4X standard excogitates its applications in _______ a) Indoor & Outdoor areas b) Hazardous area c) At site d) At site but non-hazardous area Answer: Hazardous area 2. How does the burden of legal liabilities get reduced in the process of documentation? a) By failure modes b) By operational limits c) By warning of hazardous operations d) All of the above Answer: All of the above 3. Which among the following forms the basis of ultimate standards and are maintained by national calibration laboratories? a) Primary standards b) Secondary standards c) Industry standards d) None of the above Answer: Primary standards 4. An MCL in the secondary standard represents ____________allowable quantity of a contaminant in drinking water supplied to consumer a) Maximum b) Minimum c) Normal d) None of the above Answer: Maximum 5. What does the parts key in the standard PCB documents refer to? a) Part number abbreviations b) Package size c) Lead spacing d)

 Noise In Electronic Circuits 1. If the amplifier is sold to engineering public, the noise figure that would be quoted in a catalog is a) 0.46 b) 0.94 c) 1.83 d) 2.93 Answer: 1.83 2. Noise factor for a system is defined as the ratio of a) Input noise power (P ni ) to output noise power (P no ) b) Output noise power (P no ) to input noise power (P ni ) c) Output noise power (P no ) to input signal power (P si ) d) Output signal power (P so ) to input noise power (P ni ) Answer: Output noise power (P no ) to input noise power (P ni ) 3. What is the maximum average effective input noise temperature that an amplifier can have if its average standard noise figure is to not exceed 1.7? a) 203 K b) 215 K c) 235 K d) 255 K Answer: 203 K 4. A receiver is operated at a temperature of 300 K. The transistor used in the receiver have an average output resistance of 1 k. The Johnson noise voltage for a receiver with a bandwidth of 200 kHz is a) 1.8 µV b) 8.4 µV c) 4.3 µV d) 12.6 µV

  Soldering Process 1. Soldering iron is made of wedge shape in order to__________ a) Apply high pressure at edge b) Retain heat c) Retain solder d) Forge welding Answer: Retain heat 2. Heat for soldering process is supplied by_____ a) Solderingring iron b) Induction furnace c) Electric resistance method d) Any of the above Answer: Any of the above 3. The purpose of using flux in soldering is to_______ a) Increase fluidity of solder metal b) Feel up gaps left in a bad joint c) Carbon steel d) Prevent oxides forming Answer: Prevent oxides forming 4. A soldering iron 'bit' is made of_______ a) Brass b) Tin c) Steel d) Copper Answer: Copper 5. The temperature range for soldering process is_______ a) 40 o C to 100 o C b) 180 o C to 250 o C c) 300 o C to 500 o C d) 600 o C to 900 o C Answer: 180 o C to 250 o C

   ICM 7217, ICL7107 and ULN2803 multiple choice questions ICM 7217 Which among the following controls the frequency of onboard multiplex oscillator in 4-digit ICM 7217A LED display? a) Resistor b) Digit Driver c) Capacitor d) Segment Decoder Answer: Capacitor ICL7107 Which phase of 31/2 digit LED Panel meter (7107/7106) to the process of conversion reveals the averaging of signal input for about 1000 clock pulses? a) Auto-zero phase b) Signal Integrate Phase c) Reference Integrate Phase d) All of the above Answer: Signal Integrate Phase ULN2803 Why do we need a ULN2803 in driving a relay? a) for switching a motor b) for increasing the current limit in the relays c) for increasing the power d) for decreasing the current limit in the relays Answer: for increasing the current limit in the relays

  Earthing And Grounding 1. The ground wire is coloured a) Green b) Black c) Yellow d) Red Answer: Green 2. The neutral wire is coloured  a) Black  b) Blue c) Red d) Yellow Answer: Black 3. Grounding transformer is used where neutral ____________available a) Is b) Is not c) Either A or B d) None of the above Answer: Is not 4. In case of earth fault, the underground neutral system ___________ lead to arcing ground a) Does b) Does not  c) Any of the above d) None of the alarm Answer: Does 5. In equipment grounding, the enclosure is connected to  ___________ wire a) Ground b) Neutral c) Phase d) Either A or B Answer: Ground 6. Solid grounding is addopted for voltages below a) 100 V b) 200 V c) 400 V d) 660 V Answer: 660 V 7. In a star connected system without neutral grounding, zero sequence currents are a) Zero b) Phaser sum of phase currents c) Same as r.m.s. value of phase currents d) Same as peak value of phase currents Answer: Zero 8. When the 3-phase system is not grounded and if Si

  EMI and EMC 1. The unit of electrical field intensity is _________. Where , V is volt and m is meter. a) V/m b) V . m c) m / V d)V2/m Answer: V/m 2. ______________ high-frequency EMI source. a) radio b) television c) marine communication d) all of these Answer: all of these 3. Any conductor carrying elect ri cal current has an associated _________________ a) resistive field b) electrical field c) magnetic field d) capacitive field Answer: magnetic field 4. The ability of an electronic system to function properly in its intended electromagnetic  environment and should not be a source of pollution to that electromagnetic environment is known as a) Susceptibility b) Emission c) Interference d) Electromagnetic compatibility Answer: Electromagnetic compatibility 5. Electrical circuits are carriers of _________ as well as propagators of _____________  (i) electricity  (ii) static field  (iii) magnetic field a) (i), (ii) b) (ii), (iii) c) (iii), (i) d) (i), (iii) Answer: (i), (iii) 6. Which

  Shielding And Grounding Of Bridges 1. Which is the guarding arm? a) parallel RC combination b) series RC combination c) resistance R d) capacitance C Answer: series RC combination 2. In general bridges consist of __________ a) lumped inductances b) lumped resistances c) distributed capacitance d) distributed impedance Answer: lumped inductances 3. Most popular method of avoiding the stray capacitance effects is __________ a) by grounding b) by using guard rings c) by using galvanometer d) by using Wagner device Answer: by using Wagner device 4. Bridge is suitable for _________ a) coils with high Q values b) coils with low Q values c) coils with intermediate Q values d) coils with very high Q values Answer: coils with low Q values 5. The magnitude of stray capacitances is fixed. a) True b) False Answer: False 6. Stray capacitance exists between the components. a) True b) False Answer: True 7. Stray capacitance effects can be minimized by __________ a) making use of an inductance b) co

  voltage regulator A voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage levels.  Voltage regulator, any electrical or electronic device that maintains the voltage of a power source within acceptable limits.  The voltage regulator is needed to keep voltages within the prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical equipment using that voltage. Types of voltage regulators  Linear voltage regulators Switching voltage regulators Linear voltage regulators Linear voltage regulators are the original type of regulators use to regulate the power supplies.  A linear voltage regulator works like a voltage divider. The resistance of the linear regulator varies with the connected load and input voltage. Therefore, it is able to supply a constant voltage signal. Types of Linear Voltage Regulators Shunt Series Shunt Regulators A shunt regulator is used for low-powered circuits. It works by directing the current away from the load and sending it into the ground. It provides a path from the input