Systems Systems process input signals to produce output signals A system is combination of elements that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function and produces some output.  Classification Of Systems The systems are classified as Static & dynamic system Time invariant and variant system Linear and non linear system Causal and non causal system Stable and unstable system Static and dynamic system Static system is said to be a memoryless system. The output does not depend the past or future input. It only depends the present input for an output. Ex:- y(n) = x(n) Dynamic system is said to be as system with memory. Its output depend the past values of input for an output. Ex:- Y(n) = x(n) + x(n - 1) This static and dynamic systems are otherwise called as memoryless and system with memory. Systems with and without memory A system is called memory less if the output at any time t (or n) depends only on the input at time t (or n); in other words, independent of the input

  Analog To Digital Conversion An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete digital number. Or A device that converts continuously varying analog signals from instruments and sensors that monitor conditions, such as sound, movement and temperature into binary code for the computer. The A/D converter may be contained on a single chip or can be one circuit within a chip. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is an electronic integrated circuit used to convert the analog signals such as voltages to digital or binary form consisting of 1s and 0s. Most of the ADCs take a voltage input as 0 to 10V, -5V to +5V, etc., and correspondingly produces digital output as some sort of a binary number. Analog : continuously valued signal, such as temperature or speed, with infinite possible values in between  Digital : discretely valued signal, such as integers, encoded in binary  Analog-to-digital converter: ADC, A/D, A2D; co

  Digital Signal Processing Digital Signal Processing is the process of representing signals in a discrete mathematical sequence of numbers and analyzing, modifying, and extracting the information contained in the signal by carrying out algorithmic operations and processing on the signal. Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The digital signals processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous variable in a domain such as time, space, or frequency. In digital electronics, a digital signal is represented as a pulse train, which is typically generated by the switching of a transistor. Digital signal processing and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing. DSP applications include audio and speech processing, sonar, radar and other sensor array processing, spectral density esti

 Basic elements of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Classification of Signals 1. Which of the following is the odd component of the signal x(t)=e(jt)? a) cost b) j*sint c) j*cost d) sint Answer: j*sint 2. The deflection voltage of an oscilloscope is a ‘deterministic’ signal. a) True b) False Answer: True 3. The even part of a signal x(t) is? a) x(t)+x(-t) b) x(t)-x(-t) c) (1/2)*(x(t)+x(-t)) d) (1/2)*(x(t)-x(-t)) Answer: (1/2)*(x(t)+x(-t)) 4. Which of the following is done to convert a continuous time signal into discrete time signal? a) Modulating b) Sampling c) Differentiating d) Integrating Answer: Sampling 5. For a continuous time signal x(t) to be periodic with a period T, then x(t+mT) should be equal to ___________ a) x(-t) b) x(mT) c) x(mt) d) x(t) Answer: x(t) 6. Let x1(t) and x2(t) be periodic signals with fundamental periods T1 and T2 respectively. Which of the following must be a rational number for x(t)=x1(t)+x2(t) to be periodic? a) T1+T2 b) T1-T2 c) T