Instruments

Basically an instrument is a man made device which is used to measure a parameter of a physical variable. And it is variable analog as well as digital or a combination of digital and analog.

Generally most industrial instrument is digital because digital instrument has more advantages compared to analog instrument. But in most cases the front end instrument is still analog and most signals from sensors or transducers are analog.

Most sensors have the form of a chip and this smart sensor is directly connected or digital devices.

The most basic and elementary components in all devices are sensors and transducers. Basically these outputs are current, voltage and power or amplitude, frequency or phase difference of energy.

And all devices operate on signals. A signal is detected by a sensor from physical phenomena.

The difference between analog and digital instruments is signal processing, and it requires different theoretical approaches and hardware.

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Q. What is an instrument?

Essentially, an instrument is a technology used to measure and control a process variable known as an instrument. And it is a device that is used to measure, monitor, display, etc. a process variable. The basic process variables in an instrument are pressure, flow, level and temperature.

• Pressure: Normal pressure is defined as force per unit area and mathematically known as pressure = F/A. And the unit of pressure is PSI, BAR, PASCAL, TORR, Kg/cm
• Flow: Normal flow is known as the rate of change of differential pressure. And the unit of flow is liter/minute, gallon/hour, kg/hour.
• Level: Level is basically the difference between two heights. And the level unit is mm, meter, centimeter, MMWC (millimeter water column).

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Q. What is Instrumentation?

Basically Instrumentation Measuring, monitoring, and controlling process variables is called instrumentation.

Q. What is a pneumatic tool?

This instrument is operated by air pressure, it is called a pneumatic instrument. Basically air pressure is 3 to 15 PSI or 0.2 to 1 Kg/cm2.

Q. What is an electronic instrument?

Basically this instrument works on electrical signals it is called electronic instrument. Basically the electrical signal is 4 to 20 mA.

Q. What is an example of a pneumatic device?

Examples of pneumatic instruments are pressure control valve (PCV/PV), temperature control valve (TCV/TV), flow control valve (FCV/FV), level control valve (LCV/LV), hand control valve (HCV/HV), motor Operated Control Valve (MOV/MV), Pressure Safety Valve (PSV/PV), Shut Down Valve (SDV), Emergency Shutdown Valve (ESDV), Blow Down Valve (BDV).

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