instrumentation Question and Answer 1. What Is Instrumentation? Answer: The technology which is used to measured and control the process system of plant is  called instrumentation. It is branch of engineering. 2. What is the instrumentation Engineering? Answer: Instrumentation engineering is the engineering specialization deals with principle and operation of measuring devices used in electrical, pneumatic, etc. design and configuration of automated systems. Instrumentation engineers work with automated processes, such as chemical or manufacturing plants, for industries to enhance system efficiency, reliability, health, optimization and stability. 3. What is the instrumentation measurement? Answer: Instrumentation can be used to measure certain field parameters (physical values): Pressure, either differential or static Flow Temperature measurement Level Measurement Density Viscosity Radiation Current Voltage Inductance Capacitance Frequency Resistivity Conductivity Chemical compositi

Level troll A Level troll in and instrument used for measuring the liquid level between two known points. The Level troll works on the buoyancy principal. Leveltrol has a float, which submerses proportionately with liquid level raise in the float chamber. The amount of submersion of the dis placer depends on the liquid density, which produces a torque. The amount of torque produced in measured in terms of % of level. Parts of Level troll Float chamber Float Torque lever Knife edge  Feedback Bellows Air Relay Restriction Flapper Nozzle Feedback link Density range Action change lever HP and LP flange

Process Variables What are the Process Variables? Answer: The process variables are Flow. Pressure. Temperature. Level. Quality i.e. % O2, CO2, pH etc. Define all the process Variable and state their unit of measurement. ? Answer:  Flow Any fluids or liquids flowing from one place to another place is called flow and it is defined as volume per unit of time at specified temperature and pressure .Conditions, is generally measured by positive-displacement or rate meters. Units:- kg / hr, litter / min, gallon / min, m3 / hr, Nm3 / hr. (Gases) Pressure It is defined as Force per unit Area. P = F/A Units:- bar, Pascal, kg / cm2, lb / in2. Level The height of the water column, liquid and powder etc., at the desired measurement of height between minimum level points to maximum level point is called level. The measurement principle is, head pressure method. Units:- Meters, mm, cm, percentage. Temperature It is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body is called temperature. Units:- Degree

Documents and drawings, which is essential for instrumentation engineer. As an instrumentation engineer, one must be familiar with the following documents and drawings. Documents Instrument index. Instrument data sheet Cable schedule Bill of material. Drawing JB & Instrumentation location drawing. GA Drawings. Piping instrument drawing. Hook up drawing Documents Instrument index An instrument index is a consolidated list of all instruments which is used in the plant. Instrument index is made according to the P&ID. In this all instruments tags are listed in an orderly manner. It consists of following details. Type of instrument. Location of an instrument. Installation standard. Data sheet Data sheet is a document which contains information about the performance and characteristics of an instrument.  Cable schedule We can categorise the cables in to two type Primary cables and Secondary cables. Primary cables Cable which is laid between junction box and control room is called

Instrumentation Instrumentation=measure+control. It measure the parameters which helps the process and control the process. The basic parameters associated with process are temperature,flow level and measure. Origin of instrumentation. Instrumentation is the combintion of electrical,mechanical and electronics. In the first stage of instrumentation the connection between the instrument and controller were mechanical(Pneumatic connection). In pneumatic connection 3-15 psi pressure was used as signal. In 1970’sindustries started to using electrical connection between instrument and controller instead of pneumatic connection. Two types of signals are using in electrical transmission. Analog Digital Analog Signal signal which varies continously with time. From the real world itsel we can found out so many examples for analog signals. Sound,light etc.. But in the case of instrumentaton we are using 4-20 ma or 0-20 ma as analog signals. Here the voltage between controller and instrume