Metal detector, Water Flow & Heartbeat Sensor   Metal detector Introduction Metal detector is a device that can detect metal, the basics can make a sound when it is near some metal. Metal detectors work on the principle of transmitting a magnetic field and analysing a return signal from the target and environment. when some metals are coming close to the coil the amplitude of the reflective pulse is getting little lower and a duration of the pulse a little longer. The need for detection is very clear to protect our self from any kind of danger.  Principle of operation The operation of a metal detector is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Metal detectors contain one or more inductor coils. When metal is placed in a close proximity to a varying magnetic field (generated by the coil or coils), currents are induced in the metallic part. These current are called eddy Currents. The eddy Currents, in turn, induce their own magnetic field ( called eddy field). These f

  Heart beat Sensor Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse. Features   • Heat beat indication by LED  • Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to microcontroller  • Compact Size  • Working Voltage +5V DC Specification   Parameter and Value Operating Voltage  -  +5V DC regulated  Operating Current  -  100 mA  Output Data Level  -  5V TTL level  Heart Beat detection  -  Indicated by LED and Output High Pulse  Light source  -  660nm Super Red LED Pin Details   Board has 3-pin connector for using the sensor. Details are marked on PCB as below.  +5V  - Power supply Positive input  OUT  - Active High output  GND  - Power supply Groun

Water Flow Water flow sensors are installed at the water source or pipes to measure the rate of flow of water and calculate the amount of water flowed through the pipe. Rate of flow of water is measured as liters per hour or cubic meters. Water flow sensor consists of a copper body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through the rotor, rotor rolls, its speed changes with different rate of flow. Introduction Flow is defined as the quantity of fluid (gas, liquid, vapour or sublimate) that passes a point per unit time It can be presented by a simple equation: Flow (Q) = quantity/time It is the rate of change of a quantity. It is either volumetric or mass flow rate. Properties Affecting Fluid Flow Velocity of Fluid – the fluid speed in the direction of flow. The fluid velocity depends on the head pressure that is forcing the fluid through the pipe. The greater head pressure, the faster fluid will flow. Pipe size – the larger the pipe, the greater the potenti

  Metal detector Introduction Metal detector is a device that can detect metal, the basics can make a sound when it is near some metal. Metal detectors work on the principle of transmitting a magnetic field and analysing a return signal from the target and environment. when some metals are coming close to the coil the amplitude of the reflective pulse is getting little lower and a duration of the pulse a little longer. The need for detection is very clear to protect our self from any kind of danger.  Principle of operation The operation of a metal detector is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Metal detectors contain one or more inductor coils. When metal is placed in a close proximity to a varying magnetic field (generated by the coil or coils), currents are induced in the metallic part. These current are called eddy Currents. The eddy Currents, in turn, induce their own magnetic field ( called eddy field). These fields act in such a direction as to oppose that gener

  PIR Motion Detector & Vibration Sensor   PIR Motion Detector What is a PIR Sensor? PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.PIR are fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation. For numerous essential projects or items that need to discover when an individual has left or entered the area. PIR sensors are incredible, they are flat control and minimal effort, have a wide lens range, and are simple to interface with. Most PIR sensors have a 3-pin connection at the side or bottom. One pin will be ground, another will be signal and the last pin will be power. Power is usually up to 5V. Sometimes bigger modules don’t have direct output and instead just operate a relay which case there is ground, power and the two switch associations. Interfacing PIR with microcontroller is very easy and simple. The PIR acts as a dig

  Vibration Sensor The vibration sensor is also called a piezoelectric sensor. These sensors are flexible devices which are used for measuring various processes. This sensor uses the piezoelectric effects while measuring the changes within acceleration, pressure, temperature, force otherwise strain by changing to an electrical charge.  What is a Vibration Sensor? The vibration sensor is also called a piezoelectric sensor. These sensors are flexible devices which are used for measuring various processes. This sensor uses the piezoelectric effects while measuring the changes within acceleration, pressure, temperature, force otherwise strain by changing to an electrical charge. This sensor is also used for deciding fragrances within the air by immediately measuring capacitance as well as quality. Vibration Sensor Working Principle The working principle of vibration sensor is a sensor which operates based on different optical otherwise mechanical principles for detecting observed system vi

  PIR Motion Detector What is a PIR Sensor? PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.PIR are fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation. For numerous essential projects or items that need to discover when an individual has left or entered the area. PIR sensors are incredible, they are flat control and minimal effort, have a wide lens range, and are simple to interface with. Most PIR sensors have a 3-pin connection at the side or bottom. One pin will be ground, another will be signal and the last pin will be power. Power is usually up to 5V. Sometimes bigger modules don’t have direct output and instead just operate a relay which case there is ground, power and the two switch associations. Interfacing PIR with microcontroller is very easy and simple. The PIR acts as a digital output so all you need to do is listenin

  Tilt Sensor Tilt sensors are devices that produce an electrical signal that varies with an angular movement. These sensors are used to measure slope and tilt within a limited range of motion. Sometimes, the tilt sensors are referred to as inclinometers because the sensors just generate a signal but inclinometers generate both readout and a signal. Introduction A tilt sensor is an instrument that is used for measuring the tilt in multiple axes of a reference plane. Tilt sensors measure the tilting position with reference to gravity and are used in numerous applications. They enable the easy detection of orientation or inclination. Similar to mercury switches, they may also be known as tilt switches or rolling ball sensors. These instruments have become gradually more popular and are being adapted for increasing numbers of high end applications. For example, the sensor provides valuable information about both the vertical and horizontal inclination of an airplane, which helps the pil