Radioactive Instrumentation

Radioactive Instrumentation multiple choice questions

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Questions and Answers

1. The energy of the emitted X-rays depends upon the _________ of the atom and their intensity depends upon the __________

a) Atomic number, amount of sample

b) Mass number, amount of sample

c) Mass number, concentration of atoms

d) Atomic number, concentration of atoms

Answer: Atomic number, concentration of atoms

2. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

a) Luminescence

b) Fluorescence

c) Phosphorescence

d) Spontaneous emission

Answer: Fluorescence

3. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a long time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

a) Luminescence

b) Fluorescence

c) Phosphorescence

d) Spontaneous emission

Answer: Phosphorescence

4. Prompt emission of X-ray by an atom ionised by a higher energy X-ray is a type of which of the following phenomena?

a) Luminescence

b) Fluorescence

c) Phosphorescence

d) Spontaneous emission

Answer: Fluorescence

5. The measurement of intensity of fluorescent X-rays provide a simple and ____________ way of _____________ analysis. Fill in the blanks.

a) Destructive, quantitative

b) Non-destructive, quantitative

c) Destructive, qualitative

d) Non-destructive, qualitative

Answer: Non-destructive, quantitative

6. If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of same or longer wavelengths for a long or a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

a) Luminescence

b) Fluorescence

c) Phosphorescence

d) Spontaneous emission

Answer: Luminescence

7. Which of the following is Mosely’s equation if ‘C’ is the speed of light, ‘a’ is proportionality constant, ‘σ’ is a constant which depends on electronic transition series, ‘Z’ is the atomic number and ‘λ’ is the wavelength?

a) Cλ= a(Z-σ)^2

b) C/λ= a(Z-σ)^2

c) C(Z-σ)2= aλ

d) C(Z-σ)2= a/λ

Answer: C/λ= a(Z-σ)^2

8. The problem of spectral interference is not severe in X-ray spectroscopy.

a) True

b) False

Answer: True

9. Fluorescent X-ray spectrometers would require only moderate-intensity X-ray tubes.

a) True

b) False

Answer: False

10. In X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the relationship between the excitation intensity and the intensity of fluorescence does not depend on which of the following?

a) Spectrum of the incident radiation

b) Angle of radiance

c) Molecular weight

d) Incident angle

Answer: Incident angle

X-Ray Absorption Meter Questions and Answers

1. Absorption meter is __________ and ____________ of the chemical state of the element concerned.

a) Non-destructive, independent

b) Destructive, independent

c) Non-destructive, dependent

d) Destructive, dependent

Answer: Non-destructive, independent

2. X-ray absorption meters have which of the following major disadvantages?

a) Low accuracy

b) Low range

c) Low sensitivity

d) It is destructive

Answer: Low sensitivity

3. The applications of X-ray absorption meters are limited when compared with X-ray emission procedures.

a) True

b) False

Answer: True

4. In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the cell and the X-ray tube?

a) Collimator

b) Filter

c) Chopper

d) Attenuator

Answer: Chopper

5. In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the chopper and the reference cell?

a) Collimator

b) Filter

c) Photomultiplier tube

d) Attenuator

Answer: Attenuator

6. In absorption meter, the two halves of the X-ray beam are allowed to fall on which of the following components?

a) Collimator

b) Filter

c) Photomultiplier tube

d) Attenuator

Answer: Photomultiplier tube

7. The photomultiplier tube used is absorption meter is coated with which of the following materials?

a) Sodium

b) Potassium

c) Phosphorous

d) Chlorine

Answer: Phosphorous

8. In absorption meter, which of the following is adjusted until the absorption of two X-ray beams are brought into balance?

a) Collimator

b) Filter

c) Photomultiplier tube

d) Attenuator

Answer: Attenuator

9. In absorption meter, the change in thickness of aluminium required for different samples is a function of the difference in which of the following parameters?

a) Amount

b) Concentration

c) Colour

d) Composition

Answer: Composition

10. Absorption meters cannot be used to detect broken bones.

a) True

b) False

Answer: False

X-Ray Diffractometers Questions & Answers

1. X-ray diffractometers are not used to identify the physical properties of which of the following?

a) Metals

b) Liquids

c) Polymeric materials

d) Solids

Answer: Liquids

2. X-ray diffractometers provide ____________ information about the compounds present in a solid sample.

a) Quantitative

b) Qualitative

c) Quantitative and qualitative

d) Either quantitative or qualitative

Answer: Quantitative and qualitative

3. Using powder method of diffractometers, which of the following can be determined?

a) Percentage of K+

b) Percentage of Na+ and Cl-

c) Percentage of KBr and NaCl

d) Percentage of Br-

Answer: Percentage of KBr and NaCl

4. In powder method, the powder sample is contained in which of the following?

a) Thin walled glass capillary tubes

b) Thin walled test tube

c) Thin walled curvettes

d) Thin walled flask

Answer: Thin walled glass capillary tubes

5. Which of the following is the most common instrument for photographic recording of diffraction patterns?

a) Debye-Scherrer powder camera

b) Gamma camera

c) Geiger tube

d) Scintillation counter

Answer: Debye-Scherrer powder camera

6. With the help of which of the following equations is the distance calculated from known wavelength of the source and measured angle?

a) Coolidge equation

b) Bragg’s equation

c) Debye equation

d) Scherrer equation

Answer: Bragg’s equation

7. In Diffractometer, the identification of a component of the sample from its powder diffraction pattern is based upon the _______ of lines and their relative ___________.

a) Number, length

b) Number, intensity

c) Position, length

d) Position, intensity

Answer: Position, intensity

8. When certain geometric requirements are met, X-rays scattered from a crystalline solid can constructively interfere with each other and produce diffracted beam.

a) True

b) False

Answer: True

9. Diffractometers are similar to which of the following?

a) Optical grating spectrometer

b) Prism spectrometer

c) Photo multiplier

d) Photovoltaic cell

Answer: Optical grating spectrometer

10. In Diffractometers, line intensities depend on ______ and kind of atomic reflection centres in each set of plates.

a) Number

b) Position

c) Length

d) Distance between lines

Answer: Number

11. In Diffractometers, the intensities of the diffraction peaks of a given compound in a mixture are proportional to the fraction of the material in the mixture.

a) True

b) False

Answer: True

12. In powder diffractometer, the sharpness of the lines is greatly determined by which of the following?

a) Quality of the sample, size of the slit

b) Quality of the slit, size of the sample

c) Thickness of the slit, amount of the sample

d) Number of slits, composition of the sample

Answer: Quality of the slit, size of the sample

X-Ray Spectroscopy Questions & Answers

1. In X-ray spectrometers, the specimen or the sample is placed after which of the following components?

a) X-ray tube

b) Monochromator

c) Collimator

d) Detector

Answer: X-ray tube

2. Which of the following components are used to generate X-rays?

a) Meyer tube

b) West tube

c) Anger tube

d) Coolidge tube

Answer: Coolidge tube

3. Using which of the following components is the generated x-rays focussed upon the specimen?

a) X-ray tube

b) Monochromator

c) Collimator

d) Detector

Answer: Collimator

4. The cathode in the Coolidge tube is made of which of the following elements?

a) Quartz

b) Iron

c) Tungsten

d) Barium

Answer: Tungsten

5. The cathode in the Coolidge tube is kept in an inclined manner.

a) True

b) False

Answer: False

6. Which of the following is not a target metal used in Coolidge tube?

a) Rhodium

b) Cobalt

c) Gold

d) Silver

Answer: Gold

7. How can the resolution of the collimator be increased?

a) By reducing the separation between the metal plates of the collimator

b) By increasing the separation between the metal plates of the collimator

c) By increasing the number of metal plates

d) By decreasing the number of metal plates

Answer: By reducing the separation between the metal plates of the collimator

8. When x-rays emitted from molybdenum are allowed to pass through a zirconium filter, which of the following occurs?

a) It absorbs radiation of shorter wavelength

b) It absorbs radiation of longer wavelength

c) It allows radiation of shorter wavelength to pass through

d) It allows radiation in a particular band to pass through

Answer: It absorbs radiation of longer wavelength

9. When compared to filters, monochromators provide much signal to noise ratio.

a) True

b) False

Answer: True

10. Which of the following crystals are not suited for x-ray grating?

a) Topaz

b) Lithium fluoride

c) Calcium fluoride

d) Sodium fluoride

Answer: Sodium fluoride