Flow and Level Sensor   Level Sensors A  level  sensor is a device that is designed to monitor, maintain, and measure liquid (and sometimes solid) levels. Once the liquid level is detected, the sensor converts the perceived data into an electric signal.  Level  sensors are used primarily in the manufacturing and automotive industries, but they can be found in many household appliances as well, such as ice makers in refrigerators.   What is a Liquid Level Sensor? Liquid level sensors, also called liquid level switches, are designed to change state when immersed in a liquid. They are used to determine if a liquid or oil exists at a particular level in a container. Introduction   Level sensors are useful devices that are used to detect the level of substances such as liquids, powders and granular materials. There is a wide range of level sensors and they are all used in different industries. Some level sensors can be used for any fluid and others can only be used for certain substances.

  Level Sensors A level sensor is a device that is designed to monitor, maintain, and measure liquid (and sometimes solid) levels. Once the liquid level is detected, the sensor converts the perceived data into an electric signal. Level sensors are used primarily in the manufacturing and automotive industries, but they can be found in many household appliances as well, such as ice makers in refrigerators.   What is a Liquid Level Sensor? Liquid level sensors, also called liquid level switches, are designed to change state when immersed in a liquid. They are used to determine if a liquid or oil exists at a particular level in a container. Introduction   Level sensors are useful devices that are used to detect the level of substances such as liquids, powders and granular materials. There is a wide range of level sensors and they are all used in different industries. Some level sensors can be used for any fluid and others can only be used for certain substances. Level sensors are used to

  Metal detector, Water Flow & Heartbeat Sensor   Metal detector Introduction Metal detector is a device that can detect metal, the basics can make a sound when it is near some metal. Metal detectors work on the principle of transmitting a magnetic field and analysing a return signal from the target and environment. when some metals are coming close to the coil the amplitude of the reflective pulse is getting little lower and a duration of the pulse a little longer. The need for detection is very clear to protect our self from any kind of danger.  Principle of operation The operation of a metal detector is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Metal detectors contain one or more inductor coils. When metal is placed in a close proximity to a varying magnetic field (generated by the coil or coils), currents are induced in the metallic part. These current are called eddy Currents. The eddy Currents, in turn, induce their own magnetic field ( called eddy field). These f

  Heart beat Sensor Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse. Features   • Heat beat indication by LED  • Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to microcontroller  • Compact Size  • Working Voltage +5V DC Specification   Parameter and Value Operating Voltage  -  +5V DC regulated  Operating Current  -  100 mA  Output Data Level  -  5V TTL level  Heart Beat detection  -  Indicated by LED and Output High Pulse  Light source  -  660nm Super Red LED Pin Details   Board has 3-pin connector for using the sensor. Details are marked on PCB as below.  +5V  - Power supply Positive input  OUT  - Active High output  GND  - Power supply Groun

Water Flow Water flow sensors are installed at the water source or pipes to measure the rate of flow of water and calculate the amount of water flowed through the pipe. Rate of flow of water is measured as liters per hour or cubic meters. Water flow sensor consists of a copper body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through the rotor, rotor rolls, its speed changes with different rate of flow. Introduction Flow is defined as the quantity of fluid (gas, liquid, vapour or sublimate) that passes a point per unit time It can be presented by a simple equation: Flow (Q) = quantity/time It is the rate of change of a quantity. It is either volumetric or mass flow rate. Properties Affecting Fluid Flow Velocity of Fluid – the fluid speed in the direction of flow. The fluid velocity depends on the head pressure that is forcing the fluid through the pipe. The greater head pressure, the faster fluid will flow. Pipe size – the larger the pipe, the greater the potenti

  Metal detector Introduction Metal detector is a device that can detect metal, the basics can make a sound when it is near some metal. Metal detectors work on the principle of transmitting a magnetic field and analysing a return signal from the target and environment. when some metals are coming close to the coil the amplitude of the reflective pulse is getting little lower and a duration of the pulse a little longer. The need for detection is very clear to protect our self from any kind of danger.  Principle of operation The operation of a metal detector is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Metal detectors contain one or more inductor coils. When metal is placed in a close proximity to a varying magnetic field (generated by the coil or coils), currents are induced in the metallic part. These current are called eddy Currents. The eddy Currents, in turn, induce their own magnetic field ( called eddy field). These fields act in such a direction as to oppose that gener

  PIR Motion Detector & Vibration Sensor   PIR Motion Detector What is a PIR Sensor? PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor. This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m.PIR are fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation. For numerous essential projects or items that need to discover when an individual has left or entered the area. PIR sensors are incredible, they are flat control and minimal effort, have a wide lens range, and are simple to interface with. Most PIR sensors have a 3-pin connection at the side or bottom. One pin will be ground, another will be signal and the last pin will be power. Power is usually up to 5V. Sometimes bigger modules don’t have direct output and instead just operate a relay which case there is ground, power and the two switch associations. Interfacing PIR with microcontroller is very easy and simple. The PIR acts as a dig