Physiological Transducers

Classification of Transducers

1. Unwanted signal at the output due either to internal sources or to interference is called ________
a) offset
b) noise
c) drift
d) threshold
Answer: noise
2. Change is signal over long period of time is called _______
a) noise
b) offset
c) hysteresis
d) drift
Answer: drift
3. Accuracy is ______
a) ability of the transducer or sensor to see small differences in reading
b) ability of the transducer or sensor to see small differences in reading
c) algebraic difference between the indicated value and the true or theoretical value of the measurand
d) total operating range of the transducer
Answer: algebraic difference between the indicated value and the true or theoretical value of the measurand
4. The ability of the sensor to see small differences in reading is called ______
a) resolution
b) drift
c) offset
d) linearity
Answer: resolution
5. Which type of transducer requires energy to be put into it in order to translate changes due to the measurand?
a) active transducers
b) passive transducers
c) powered transducers
d) local transducers
Answer: passive transducers
6. Linearity of transducer is ___________
a) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special curved line within a given percentage of full scale output
b) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special straight line within a given percentage of full scale output
c) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special straight line within a given percentage of half scale output
d) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special curved within a given percentage of half scale output
Answer: Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special straight line within a given percentage of full scale output
7. Active transducers work on the principle of ________
a) energy conversion
b) mass conversion
c) energy alteration
d) volume conversion
Answer: energy conversion
8. The smallest change in measurant that will result in a measurable change in the transducer output is called _______
a) offset
b) linearity
c) resolution
d) threshold
Answer: threshold
9. Change is signal over long period of time is called drift
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. The ability of the sensor to see small differences in reading is called resolution
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Performance Characteristics of Transducers

1. Closeness of a calibration curve to a specified curve for an inherently non linear transducer is called ___________
a) conformance
b) linearity
c) saturation
d) hysteresis
Answer: conformance
2. Which of the following is not a static property?
a) repeatability
b) hysteresis
c) frequency response
d) saturation
Answer: frequency response
3. The total operating range of the transducer is called __________
a) span
b) threshold
c) offset
d) drift
Answer: span
4. The region in which the output does not changes with increase in input is called _________
a) input range
b) threshold
c) offset
d) saturation
Answer: saturation
5. The minimum input of physical parameter that will create a detectable out change is called __________
a) threshold
b) sensitivity
c) span
d) precision
Answer: sensitivity
6. Which of the following is not a dynamic property?
a) frequency response
b) saturation
c) settling time
d) response time
Answer: saturation
7. The range between the maximum and minimum values is applied to a parameter which can be measured is ___________
a) repeatability
b) span
c) input range
d) output range
Answer: span
8. Time for the sensor to reach a stable output once it is turned on is called _________
a) frequency response
b) span
c) response time
d) settling time
Answer: settling time
9. Ability of the sensor to repeat a measurement when put back in the same environment is called ______
a) conformance
b) saturation
c) repeatability
d) threshold
Answer: repeatability
10. Hysteresis is no change in output with the same value of input.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False

Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

1. LVDT works on the principle of ________
a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable pressure
Answer: variable inductance
2. LVTD is a _______ transducer.
a) displacement
b) photoelectric
c) thermal
d) chemical
Answer: displacement
3. Linear encoders gives ___________ output.
a) angular
b) analog
c) digital
d) unstable
Answer: analog
4. LVDT stands for _________
a) Linear Virtual Double Transformer
b) Linear Virtual Differential Transducer
c) Linear Variable Differential Transducer
d) Linear Variable Differential Transformer
Answer: Linear Variable Differential Transformer
5. How many coils are required to make LVDT?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 3
d) 2
Answer: 3
6. Which of the following is a displacement transducer?
a) Thermistor
b) LVDT
c) Strain gauge
d) Thermocouple
Answer: LVDT
7. In LVDT the secondary coils are energized with sine wave oscillator.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
8. On increasing the distance between the plates of a variable capacitor, the displacement- capacitance characteristics changes _______
a) proportionally
b) linearly
c) exceptionally
d) hyperbolically
Answer: hyperbolically
9. Potentiometer works on which of the following principle?
a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable electromagnet
Answer: variable resistance
10. Lateral displacement of capacitance plates with respect to each other gives linear displacement capacitance characteristics.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Pressure Transducers

1. Piezo-electricity is ______________
a) sound electricity
b) pressure electricity
c) temperature electricity
d) photo electricity
Answer: pressure electricity
2. Principle behind strain gauge is __________
a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable contact area
Answer: variable resistance
3. Compensation for temperature variation in the leads can be provided by using ________ lead method.
a) six
b) four
c) three
d) two
Answer: three
4. Piezo-electricity is ______________
a) sound electricity
b) pressure electricity
c) temperature electricity
d) photo electricity
Answer: pressure electricity
5. Strain gauge is used to measure __________
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) height
d) displacement
Answer: pressure
6. Which of the following is not a piezo-electric material?
a) quartz
b) rochelle salt
c) aluminium
d) barium titanate
Answer: quartz
7. Gauge factor is defined as _______________
a) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
b) (incremental change in resistance due to strain/resistance of an unstretched wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
c) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched wire)*(incremental change in length/unstretched length of wire)
d) (resistance of an unstretched wire/incremental change in resistance due to stress)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)I
Answer: (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
8. Which of the following is a material employed making diaphragm to measure pressure?
a) tourmaline
b) barium titanate
c) phosphor bronze
d) zirconate titanate
Answer: phosphor bronze
9. On applying electricity to piezo-electric material mechanical deformation occurs in the material.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. On applying pressure to piezo-electric crystal, electricity is not generated.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False

Transducers for Body Temperature Measurement

1. RTD stands for ________
a) resistance temperature device
b) resistance temperature detector
c) reluctance thermal device
d) resistive thermal detector
Answer: resistance temperature detector
2. When two wires of different material are joined together at either end, forming two junctions which are maintained at a different temperature, a _________ force is generated.
a) thermo-motive
b) electro-motive
c) chemical reactive
d) mechanical
Answer: thermo-motive
3. Which of the following has the widest range of temperature measurement?
a) RTD
b) Thermocouple
c) Thermistor
d) Mercury thermometer
Answer: Thermocouple
4. The resistance Rt of a metallic conductor at any temperature t is given by ___________
a) Rt = Ro(1+ɑt)
b) Rt = Ro(1-ɑt)
c) Rt = Ro(ɑt-1)
d) Rt = Ro(10+ɑt)
Answer: Rt = Ro(1+ɑt)
5. When two wires of different material are joined together at either end, forming two junctions which are maintained at a different temperature, a thermo-motive force is generated causing a current to flow around the circuit. This arrangement is called ___________
a) thermal pair
b) thermistor
c) thermocouple
d) thermostat
Answer: thermocouple
6. Thermister is used to measure ___________
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) height
d) displacement
Answer: temperature
7. Sudden involuntary drop in body core temperature below 35*C (95*F) is called __________
a) Accidental hyperthermia
b) Accidental misothermia
c) Accidental exothermia
d) Accidental hypothermia
Answer: Accidental hypothermia
8. The lower temperature junction in thermocouple is maintained at ________
a) -273 K
b) 0 K
c) -327 K
d) 273 K
Answer: 273 K
9. The junction at a lower temperature in the thermocouple called measuring junction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. The junction at a higher temperature in thermocouple is termed as measuring junction.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Photoelectric Transducers

1. Which of the following is a photoemissive cell?
a) photomultiplier tubes
b) barrier layer cell
c) galvanic cell
d) rochell-salt cell
Answer: photomultiplier tubes
2. Which of the following is not a photoemissive cell?
a) high vacuum photocells
b) barrier layer cell
c) gas-filled photocell
d) photomultiplier tubes
Answer: gas-filled photocell
3. The instruments which give a direct reading of the temperature at the thermistor position are known as _________
a) thermistor
b) telethermometers
c) rtd
d) tempothermometer
Answer: telethermometers
4. Which of the following material is used to build photovoltaic cells?
a) selenium
b) celenuim
c) silicon
d) iron
Answer: selenium
5. Photo-diodes work in _________
a) forward biased
b) reverse biased
c) independent of forward and reverse biasing
d) any configuration
Answer: reverse biased
6. Thermister is used to measure __________
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) height
d) displacement
Answer: temperature
7. What is the principle behind photoelectric transducers?
a) conversion of wind energy to electrical energy
b) conversion of light energy to electrical energy
c) conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy
d) conversion of electrical energy to light energy
Answer: conversion of light energy to electrical energy
8. Cesium-silver oxide cells are sensitive to the near infrared wavelengths.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
9. Photovoltaic cells need an external electrical supply to function.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. Selenium cells are sensitive to almost the entire range of wavelengths of the spectrum.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Optical Fiber Sensors

1. On the bases of application of optic fiber sensor, which of the following is not considered to be the classification of fiber optic sensor?
a) biomedical/photometric sensors
b) physical sensors
c) thermal sensors
d) chemical sensors
Answer: thermal sensors
2. In which of the following optic fiber sensor the fiber is simply used to carry light to and from an external optical device where the sensing takes place?
a) extrinsic fiber optic sensor
b) energized fiber optic sensor
c) all fibers are used to simply carry light to and from the external optical devices
d) intrinsic fiber optic sensor
Answer: extrinsic fiber optic sensor
3. The type of sensor that detects the analyte species directly through their characteristic spectral properties is called _____________
a) chemical sensor
b) thermal sensor
c) light sensor
d) spectroscopic Sensors
Answer: spectroscopic Sensors
4. Optical fibers are not immune to ________
a) electronic disturbances
b) magnetic disturbances
c) ambient light interference
d) electromagnetic disturbances
Answer: ambient light interference
5. A chemical transduction system is interfaced to the optical fibre at its end. This type of sensor is called?
a) chemical sensor
b) thermal sensor
c) photoelectric sensor
d) light sensor
Answer: chemical sensor
6. Optical fiber sensors are electrically _____
a) active
b) passive
c) active as well as passive
d) cannot be determined
Answer: passive
7. How many coils are required to make LVDT?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 3
d) 2
Answer: 3
8. Optical fiber sensors are electrically passive
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
9. Optical fiber sensors are not immune to electromagnetic disturbances.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. The type of sensor that detects the analyte species directly through their characteristic spectral properties is called spectroscopic Sensors
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Biosensors

1. _______________ converts biochemical events into measurable signals.
a) amplifier
b) opamp
c) rectifier
d) transducer
Answer: transducer
2. The chemical reaction of glucose with oxygen is catalyzed in the presence of ________
a) glucose oxidase
b) monoglucose carbodase
c) glusoce dioxidase
d) biglucose oxidase
Answer: glucose oxidase
3. Endoscopic imaging uses ___________
a) thermal sensors
b) chemical sensors
c) optic fiber sensors
d) pressure sensors
Answer: optic fiber sensors
4. Fluoroptic temperature sensors work on the principle of _______
a) thermistor
b) thermocouple
c) optical fiber
d) rtd
Answer: optical fiber
5. The biological response of the biosensor is determined by ______
a) biocatalytic membrane
b) physio-chemical membrane
c) chemical membrane
d) artificial membrane
Answer: biocatalytic membrane
6. Blood glucose level measurement device uses a biosensor works on the principle of electrochemical.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
7. Home blood glucose measurement devices measure the glucose level through non-invasive method.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
8. Doppler velocimetry works on the principle of __________
a) frequency measurement of fiber optic sensor
b) amplitude measurement of fiber optic sensor
c) phase measurement of fiber optic sensor
d) time shift measurement of fiber optic sensor
Answer: frequency measurement of fiber optic sensor
9. Monopolar needle electrode have a coating of which material over the stainless steel wires which are bare only at the tips?
a) carbon
b) calcium
c) sodium
d) teflon
Answer: teflon
10. Home blood glucose sensor works on which principle?
a) electro-physiological
b) electrochemical
c) physio-chemical
d) chemical
Answer: electrochemical

Smart Sensors

1. Filter that amplifies frequency above a certain value is called?
a) low pass filter
b) high pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) band stop filter
Answer: high pass filter
2. To achieve the low frequency response for medical applications, the amplifier configuration must contain?
a) higher resistance
b) higher capacitance
c) lower resistance
d) lower capacitance
Answer: higher capacitance
3. In medical recorders, the signal of interest is of the order of _______
a) nanovolts
b) microvolts
c) megavolts
d) volts
Answer: microvolts
4. Which of the following component is not a part of the passive filter?
a) resistor
b) operational amplifier
c) capacitor
d) inductor
Answer: operational amplifier
5. ________________ amplifies all the frequencies except those in a certain band.
a) high pass filter
b) low pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) band stop filter
Answer: band stop filter
6. In medical devices, the amplifiers that are used for the amplification purpose of the input signal must have ___________
a) low frequency response
b) high frequency response
c) average frequency response
d) frequency response has no role to play in it
Answer: low frequency response
7. Which of the following is not a fundamental block in recording systems?
a) electrodes and transducers
b) signal conditioner
c) analysis for the output
d) writing system
Answer: analysis for the output
8. Active filters use opamps in addition to passive components in order to obtain better performance.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
9. band stop filter amplifies all the frequencies except those in a certain band.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. In medical recorders, the signal of interest is of the order of megavolts
a) True
b) False
Answer: False