Suggest the suitable transducers for measurement of respiration rate, blood pressure, cardiac output. Discuss any one application with neat sketch in detail?

Suitable transducers for measurement of respiration rate

The transducer is cheap, robust, and reliable. CONCLUSIONS: PEP films have the potential to be used as cheap and effective transducers in respiratory rate monitors for non-intubated patients. In the laboratory, they have many desirable characteristics which should now be evaluated in a clinical setting.

Suitable transducers for measurement of blood pressure

The APT300 transducer is an inexpensive pressure transducer which can be used to measure arterial blood pressures on all species, even on mice with high heart rate.

Suitable transducers for measurement of cardiac output

Cardiac output measurement by indicator dilution

Thermodilution (by PA catheter or by PiCCO) Lithium dilution (LiDCO) Conductivity dilution using saline (the original Stewart method) Indicator dye dilution (using indocyanine green or Evans Blue)

Blood pressure measurement

The most common form of indirect blood pressure measurement employs a pressure cuff, pump and pressure transducer. This complete assembly is commonly referred to as a sphygmomanometer.Typically, the cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and is inflated to a pressure exceeding that of the brachial artery. This amount of pressure collapses the artery and stops the flow of blood to the arm. The pressure of the cuff is slowly reduced as the pressure transducer monitors the pressure in the cuff. As the pressure drops, it will eventually match the systolic (peak) arterial pressure. At this point, the blood is able to “squirt” through the brachial artery. This squirting results in turbulence that creates the Korotkoff sounds. The cuff pressure continues to drop, and the pressure eventually matches the diastolic pressure of the artery. At that point, the Korotkoff sounds stop completely, because the blood is now flowing unrestricted through the artery.