Arrhythmia and Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments

Cardiac Arrhythmias

1. What is used to measure and record BSR and GSR?
a) Tape recorder
b) Amplifier
c) Silver-Silver electrode
d) Piezoelectric device
Answer: Silver-Silver electrode
2. BSR(Basal skin response) gives ___________
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) activity of endrocine glands
d) baseline value of breathing
Answer: baseline value of skin resistance
3. Which of the following instrument is used for measuring the average activity of sweat glands?
a) EOG
b) ECG
c) GSR
d) PCG
Answer: GSR
4. The BSR output is connected to RC network with time constant of _________________ seconds.
a) 1 to 3
b) 3 to 5
c) 5 to 7
d) 7 to 9
Answer: 3 to 5
5. What is employed to measure the variable that is to be controlled by the feedback process?
a) Transducers
b) Sensing device
c) Tape recorder
d) Piezo-electric device
Answer: Transducers
6. GSR(Galvanic skin response) gives ________________
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) activity of endrocine glands
d) baseline value of breathing
Answer: activity of sweat glands
7. _____________ is common engineering term and refers to its function to control a process.
a) Open-loop
b) Feedback
c) Reaction
d) Closed-loop
Answer: Feedback
8. At which place GSR is measured?
a) palms of hand
b) nose
c) eye
d) teeth
Answer: palms of hand
9. Biofeedback instrumentation for the measurement of EMG, temperature and pulse/heart rate.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. Biofeedback training is an educational process for learning body skills.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Arrhythmias Monitor

1. The slow sweep is an outcome of the low frequency character of ________________ signal.
a) EMG
b) EOG
c) ECG
d) PCG
Answer: ECG
2. Disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ____________ signal in cardiac monitor.
a) EOG
b) EMG
c) ECG
d) PCG
Answer: ECG
3. _____________ is used to display ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG waveform.
a) Amplifier
b) Transducer
c) Tape Recorder
d) Cathode ray tube
Answer: Cathode ray tube
4. Which of the following instrument is used for monitoring patients with cardiac problems?
a) Cardiac Monitor
b) Central Monitor
c) Bedside Patient Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
Answer: Cardiac Monitor
5. What is used for amplification of signal in cardiac monitor?
a) Piezoelectric device
b) Transducer
c) Amplifier
d) Tape recorder
Answer: Amplifier
6. Which of the following instrument is also known as Cardioscopes?
a) Central Monitor
b) Bedside Patient Monitor
c) Cardiac Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
Answer: Cardiac Monitor
7. Which is the most important physiological parameter monitored in the intensive care unit?
a) temperature
b) heart rate
c) blood pressure
d) skin color
Answer: heart rate
8. Which of the following storage device is used for storing digital information in memory monitors?
a) Hard disk
b) Magnetic Tape
c) RAM
d) DVD
Answer: RAM
9. How many heart beat one can observe in a single sweep period?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: 4
10. What is diameter of CRT used in small cardioscopes?
a) 1”
b) 3”
c) 5”
d) 7”
Answer: 5”
11. What is range of RF signals generated by Electrosurgery machine?
a) 0 to 0.4 MHz
b) 0.4 to 5 MHz
c) 5 to 6.5 MHz
d) 6.5 to 10 MHz
Answer: 0.4 to 5 MHz
12. What indicate average heart rate with audible beep?
a) disposable electrodes
b) heart rate meter
c) amplifier
d) cathode ray tube
Answer: heart rate meter
13. What is total sweep time for a 13-cm screen?
a) 0 to 0.5 s
b) 0.5 to 2 s
c) 2 to 2.5 s
d) 2.5 to 5 s
Answer: 2.5 to 5 s
14. An alarm system is used to produce signal in event of abnormalities occurring in heart rate.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
15. A cardioscope differ in one important aspects as compared to the conventional instrument.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False

QRS Detection Techniques

1. In the ST segment measurement _________ is either between the P and Q waves or in front of the P wave.
a) J point
b) Isoelectric baseline
c) ST measurement point
d) ST value
Answer: Isoelectric baseline
2. In the Balke-Ware Protocol, how much speed it uses with progressive increments in the load every 2 minutes?
a) 3.3 km/hour
b) 3.3 km to 5.3 km /hour
c) 3.3 miles to 5.3 miles /hour
d) 3.3 miles/hour
Answer: 3.3 miles/hour
3. At an interval of _______ the Bruce Protocol uses simultaneous increments in both speed and treadmill grade.
a) 250 sec
b) 120 sec
c) 160 sec
d) 198 sec
Answer: 160 sec
4. Which of the following is the type of exercise protocols used in treadmill tests?
a) The Balke-Bruce Protocol
b) The Bruce-Ware Protocol
c) The Balke-Ware Protocol
d) The Balke Protocol
Answer: The Balke-Ware Protocol
5. ________compare various algorithms employed for processing stress ECG signals.
a) Friesen
b) Jen and Hwang
c) Clynes
d) Alfonso
Answer: Alfonso
6. ______ is used to determine the physical performance characteristics of a cardiac patient.
a) Data compression techniques
b) Stress test electrocardiography
c) Stress amplitude ECG
d) QRS detection techniques
Answer: Stress test electrocardiography
7. In the ST segment measurement, what is the bandwidth of the ST filter which is used to remove unwanted baseline noise?
a) 0.05 Hz
b) 0.67 Hz
c) 0.5 Hz
d) 0.067 Hz
Answer: 0.67 Hz
8. ______ is a blood pressure measuring instrument.
a) Sphygmomanometer
b) Ergometer
c) Treadmill
d) Holtemanometer
Answer: Sphygmomanometer
9. Which of the following are devices used for testing physical fitness?
a) Treadmill and sphygmomanometer
b) Ergometer and sphygmomanometer
c) Treadmill and Ergometer
d) Sphygmomanometer and Event recorders
Answer: Treadmill and Ergometer
10. _________ is a signal of low amplitude and low frequency content.
a) QRS complex
b) R-R interval
c) ST segment
d) T-P interval
Answer: ST segment

Data Compression Techniques

1. What is the range of instantaneous “beat-to-beat” rate which is displayed on a calibrated linear scale?
a) 200-220 bpm
b) 150-210 bpm
c) 50-200 bpm
d) 50-210 bpm
Answer: 50-210 bpm
2. Which of the following is not an indirect method of foetal heart rate in cordiotocography monitoring?
a) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
d) Ultrasound techniques
Answer: Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
3. One channel records FHR on a calibrated chart in beats per minute while the other channel is used for recording uterine contractions calibrated _______
a) 50-210 mmHg
b) 0-210 mmHg
c) 0-100 mmHg
d) 0-50 mmHg
Answer: 0-100 mmHg
4. What is the chart speed in cardiotocograph to provide sufficient resolution of the stimulus-response relationship?
a) 1-2 cm / sec
b) 2-3 cm / min
c) 1-2 cm / min
d) 2-3 cm / sec
Answer: 1-2 cm / min
5. The instrument which carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity is called ____________
a) Ergometer
b) Cardiotocograph
c) Cardiotocometer
d) Cardiotonometer
Answer: Cardiotocograph
6. The intrauterine pressure can reach values of _______ or more during the expulsion period.
a) 150 mmHg
b) 200 mmHg
c) 220 mmHg
d) 250 mmHg
Answer: 150 mmHg
7. Which of the following is a direct technique of uterine contraction in cardiotocographic monitoring?
a) Tocodynamometry
b) Intrauterine pressure measurement
c) Phonocardiometry
d) Ultrasound technique
Answer: Intrauterine pressure measurement
8. In the cardiotocograph, the sensitivity of _______ of recording chart allows adequate reading of the recorder FHR.
a) 30 bpm / cm
b) 10 bpm / cm
c) 20 bpm / cm
d) 15 bpm / cm
Answer: 20 bpm / cm
9. The instrument which carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity is called Cardiotocograph
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. Intrauterine pressure measurement is a direct technique of uterine contraction in cardiotocographic monitoring?
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Exercise Stress Testing

1. What is the used in Tocodynamometry to sense changes in uterine tension transmitted to abdominal skin surface?
a) U-Manometer
b) Barometer
c) Tocotonometer
d) Picometer
Answer: Tocotonometer
2. Which of the following instrument carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity?
a) Electrocardiograph
b) Cardiotocograph
c) Electromyograph
d) Vectorcardiograph
Answer: Cardiotocograph
3. Which of the following is a direct method for measuring foetal heart rate?
a) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound technique
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
Answer: Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
4. How is the assessment of the condition of foetus can be made during labour?
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) by foetal heart action
d) baseline value of breathing
Answer: by foetal heart action
5. To listen to the foetal heart sounds at intervals of up to every _______ minutes is tradition.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
Answer: 15
6. What is the accuracy of measurement for the classification of responses?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
d) 4-5%
Answer: 2-3%
7. FHR yields important information about the status of ________
a) fats
b) eye
c) fibrous joint
d) foetus
Answer: foetus
8. Sensitivity of _______ bpm/cm of the recording chart allows adequate reading of the recorded FHR.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
Answer: 20
9. Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on an average basis.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. Foetal Heart sounds are listened by digital stethoscope.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False

Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments

1. What is responsible for most of the common-mode interfering signal?
a) Preamplifier
b) Notch Filter
c) Power Line Hum
d) Band Pass Filter
Answer: Power Line Hum
2. What is the magnitude of ECG for a typical adult in the standard lead connection?
a) 1 mV
b) 2 mV
c) 3 mV
d) 4 mV
Answer: 1 mV
3. Which of the following is periodic noise source in the foetal ECG signal from the maternal abdomen?
a) Amplifier input noise
b) Maternal Muscle noise
c) Fluctuations in electrode polarization potential
d) Maternal ECG
Answer: Maternal ECG
4. The foetus heart rate is approximately _______ time/s of normal adult foetal heart rate.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: two
5. What is the range of FHR measurement due to substitution logic?
a) 0-200 bpm
b) 40-240 bpm
c) 20-220 bpm
d) 60-260 bpm
Answer: 40-240 bpm
6. Which of the following technique is used to measure foetal heart rate?
a) ECG
b) FECG
c) PCG
d) VCG
Answer: FECG
7. What is the maximum amplitude of FECG recorded during pregnancy?
a) 100 to 300 mV
b) 300 to 500 mV
c) 500 to 700 mV
d) 700 to 900 mV
Answer: 100 to 300 mV
8. What is the CMRR of Foetal electrocardiogram?
a) 0-150 dB
b) 0- 130 dB
c) 0-120 dB
d) 0-200 dB
Answer: 0-120 dB
9. Where are the electrodes placed for recording foetal electrocardiogram?
a) heart
b) abdomen
c) brain
d) veins
Answer: abdomen
10. The F channel has a _______ ms pulse generator that is triggered by the foetal ECG.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 20
d) 30
Answer: 30
11. What is delay time to establish a missing foetal trigger pulse by substitution logic?
a) 150 ms
b) 200 ms
c) 250 ms
d) 270 ms
Answer: 270 ms
12. What is present in the processing circuit for signal separation?
a) Preamplifier
b) Power Line Hum
c) Notch Filter
d) Band Pass Filter
Answer: Band Pass Filter
13. AECG technique fails in those rare cases where the amniotic fluid fails to provide adequate electrical coupling from foetus to mother.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
14. The foetus heart rate is approximately two time/s of normal adult foetal heart rate.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
15. Foetal ECG signal detected via electrodes placed on mother’s abdomen is complex and requires accertion of maternal signals for obtaining FHR.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True