Recording System

General Considerations for Signal Conditioners

1. ________ IC is a variable negative voltage regulator.
a) 7912
b) 7905
c) LM337
d) LM317
Answer: LM337
2. Which of the following voltage regulator IC gives a variable positive voltage?
a) LM317
b) LM337
c) 7805
d) 7812
Answer: LM317
3. Devices that pass the signal from its source to the measurement device without a physical or galvanic connection by using transformer, optical or capacitive coupling technique are called?
a) filters
b) rectifiers
c) bridges
d) isolaters
Answer: isolaters
4. Strain gauges are resistance devices in a Wheat stone bridge configuration _________
a) which does not require bridge completion circuitry and an excitation source
b) which requires bridge completion circuitry and an excitation source
c) which neither requires bridge completion circuitry nor an excitation source
d) which requires bridge completion circuitry but does not an excitation source
Answer: which requires bridge completion circuitry and an excitation source
5. The filter used to reject the 50Hz noise picked up from power lines or machinery is called?
a) band reject filter
b) band stop filter
c) notch filter
d) all reject filter
Answer: notch filter
6. Which of the following technique is not employed in isolation devices?
a) resistance
b) optical
c) inductance
d) capacitance
Answer: resistance
7. Signal conditioning is not of much importance in the measuring and recording system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
8. Besides breaking ground loops, isolation blocks high voltage surges and rejects high common mode voltages.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
9. Digital filters are sensitive to temperature as compared with analog filters.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. The filter used to reject the 50Hz noise picked up from power lines or machinery is called notch filter
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Preamplifiers

1. Chopper stabilized dc amplifiers are complex amplifiers having ________ amplifiers incorporated in the module.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: 3
2. Which of the following amplifier is employed with resistive transducers which require an external source of excitation?
a) differential amplifier
b) ac coupled amplifier
c) carrier amplifier
d) dc bridge amplifier
Answer: dc bridge amplifier
3. Which amplifier has a limited frequency response?
a) differential amplifier
b) dc amplifiers
c) ac coupled amplifiers
d) carrier amplifiers
Answer: dc amplifiers
4. ______________ are used with transducers which require an external source of excitation.
a) carrier amplifiers
b) dc amplifiers
c) ac coupled amplifiers
d) differential amplifier
Answer: carrier amplifiers
5. DC amplifiers are employed with _______ feedback type.
a) positive
b) negative
c) depends on the application
d) can be any positive or negative does’t matter
Answer: negative
6. Which amplifier will reject any common mode signal that appears simultaneously at both amplifier input terminal and amplifies only the voltage difference that appears across its input terminals?
a) ac coupled amplifiers
b) differential amplifiers
c) carrier amplifiers
d) dc amplifiers
Answer: differential amplifiers
7. Chopper input dc amplifiersare preferred for low level inputs to instrumentation systems because of their high sensitivity, negligible drift and excellent common mode rejection capability.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
8. DC amplifiers are mostly used for very low level applications because they offer very less dc drift and high common mode rejection capabilities.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
9. carrier amplifiers are used with transducers which require an external source of excitation
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. dc amplifier has a limited frequency response
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Sources of Noise in Low Level Measurements

1. The common mode rejection for most op-amps is typically between __________
a) 10-50dB
b) 20-40dB
c) 60-90dB
d) 100-120dB
Answer: 60-90dB
2. CMRR is measured in ____________
a) V/s
b) dB
c) dB/s
d) dB/ms
Answer: dB
3. The ability of the amplifier to reject common voltages on its two input leads is known as ________
a) common mode rejection rate
b) coupled mode rejection rate
c) common mode rejection ratio
d) coupled mode rejection ratio
Answer: common mode rejection ratio
4. The output of differential gain is given by _____
a) (difference of the two input voltage) * (feedback resistance/input resistance)
b) (sum of the two input voltage)*(feedback resistance/input resistance)
c) (difference of the two input voltage)*(input resistance/feedback resistance)
d) (sum of the two input voltage)*(input resistance/feedback resistance)
Answer: (difference of the two input voltage) * (feedback resistance/input resistance)
5. The impedance of the input should be ________ in order to obtain high CMRR in the differential amplifier.
a) low
b) High
c) Does not matter
d) Very low
Answer: High
6. Bio potential amplifiers have ____________ input terminals.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: 3
7. In order to be able to minimize the effects of changes occurring in the electrode impedances, it is necessary to employ a preamplifier having a high input impedance.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
8. CMRR of the preamplifiers should be as high as possible.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Biomedical Signal Analysis and Processing Techniques

1. Electromagnetic coupling cannot be reduced by ___________
a) shielding
b) wire twisting
c) multiple grounding
d) common grounding
Answer: multiple grounding
2. _________ are commonly used for providing protection against leakage currents.
a) Isolation amplifiers
b) Differential amplifiers
c) Instrumentational amplifiers
d) Inverting amplifiers
Answer: Isolation amplifiers
3. Which of the following is not the property of the instrumentational amplifier?
a) Extremely high input impedance
b) Low bias and offset currents
c) High slew rate
d) Very low CMRR
Answer: Very low CMRR
4. Which on the following is not a type of isolation amplifier?
a) capactively coupled isolation amplifiers
b) optically isolated isolation amplifiers
c) resistive coupled isolation amplifiers
d) transformer type isolation amplifiers
Answer: resistive coupled isolation amplifiers
5. CMRR is measured in ___________
a) v/s
b) dB
c) dB/s
d) dB/ms
Answer: dB
6. Which of the following statement is true for an instrumentational amplifier?
a) the input resistance of both the inputs is very high and does not change as the gain is varied
b) the input resistance of both the inputs is very low and does not change as the gain is varied
c) the input resistance of both the inputs is very high and does change as the gain is varied
d) the input resistance of both the inputs is very low and does change as the gain is varied
Answer: the input resistance of both the inputs is very high and does not change as the gain is varied
7. The isolation includes different supply voltage sources and different grounds on each side of the isolation barrier.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
8. The carrier amplifier consists of an oscillator and a capacitance coupled amplifier.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

The Main Amplifier and Driver Stage

1. Most biomedical signals of practical interest can be decomposed into a sum of sinusoidal signal components. For the class of finite energy signals, the decomposition is called the ____________
a) Fourier series
b) Fourier transform
c) Laplace transform
d) Laplace series
Answer: Fourier transform
2. Each component in the FFT series can then be represented as A cos (wt) + iB sin (f) where ______________
a) A = The phase angle of the component
b) f = An FFT coefficient
c) t = temperature
d) w = Angular frequency of the component
Answer: w = Angular frequency of the component
3. The process of obtaining the spectrum of a given signal using the basic mathematical tools is known as _______________
a) time domain analysis
b) mathematical analysis
c) spectral analysis
d) pseudo analysis
Answer: spectral analysis
4. Which of the following transform is best suited for spatial filtering, edge detection, feature extraction, data compression, pattern recognition, speech recognition, image compression and texture analysis?
a) wavelet transform
b) laplace transform
c) fourier transform
d) short time fourier transform
Answer: wavelet transform
5. The term ___________ is used when referring to the frequency content of a signal.
a) angular momentum
b) spectrum
c) scope
d) bandwidth
Answer: spectrum
6. Most biomedical signals of practical interest can be decomposed into a sum of sinusoidal signal components. For the class of periodic signals, such a decomposition is called a _______ series.
a) fourier
b) discontinuous
c) continuous
d) frequency
Answer: fourier
7. The ratio of response to a stimulus is called the transfer function.
a) True
b) Fals
Answer: True
8. The process of obtaining the spectrum of a given signal using the basic mathematical tools is known as spectral analysis
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Writing System

1. _____________ refers to the degree of repeatability of a measurant.
a) accuracy
b) precision
c) resolution
d) sensitivity
Answer: precision
2. AAMI stands for ____________________
a) American Association of Medical Instrumentation
b) Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
c) Association of American Medical Instrumentation
d) American Association of Measurement Instruments
Answer: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
3. CRO stands for _______
a) Common Ray Oscilloscope
b) Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
c) Cathode Ray Oscillator
d) Common Ray Oscillator
Answer: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
4. Which of the following filter amplifies frequencies with a certain band?
a) band pass filter
b) band stop filter
c) low pass filter
d) high pass filter
Answer: band pass filter
5. Which of the following is not a passive transducer?
a) Strain gauge
b) Ultrasonic transducer
c) IR sensor
d) Doppler effect transducer
Answer: Strain gauge
6. ____________ filter amplifies signals below a certain frequency.
a) band stop filter
b) high pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) low pass filter
Answer: low pass filter
7. A wavelet transform is almost always implemented as a bank of filters that decompose a signal into multiple signal bands.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
8. For faithful reproduction of the input signal linearity over the required range of signal, amplitudes must be satisfied by the individual parts of the system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Direct Writing Recorders

1. Which of the following is the correct anatomical position of the kidney?
a) front of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
b) back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
c) back of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
d) front of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
Answer: back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
2. The removal of waste products from blood plasma is performed by ___________
a) kidney
b) liver
c) heart
d) lungs
Answer: kidney
3. The ___________ carry blood at very high pressure from the aorta into the glomerular capillary.
a) renal arteries
b) russal arteries
c) pulmonary arteries
d) fenal arteries
Answer: renal arteries
4. The regulation of the composition of blood plasma is done by which of the following organ?
a) skin
b) heart
c) kidney
d) lung
Answer: kidney
5. How many kidneys does a human have?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: two
6. Each kidney consists _______ number of nephrons.
a) thousands
b) millions
c) billions
d) trillions
Answer: millions
7. Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and function. These tiny units are called __________
a) nerves
b) neurons
c) capillaries
d) nephrons
Answer: nephrons
8. The kidneys work only on plasma.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

The Inkjet Recorders

1. The total extra-cellular fluid amounts to about _________
a) 1 litres
b) 15 milli-litres
c) 15 litres
d) 150 litres
Answer: 15 litres
2. The total blood flow through the kidneys is about _____________
a) 120 ml/min
b) 1200 ml/min
c) 200 ml/min
d) 10 ml/min
Answer: 1200 ml/min
3. The amount of urine formed by an average kidney in one day is ________
a) 10-10.5 L
b) 10-15 ml
c) 1-1.5 L
d) 5 L
Answer: 1-1.5 L
4. Chronic renal failure results in changes in the body fluids which occur due to a _____________
a) progressive increase in the number of functioning nephrons
b) progressive decrease in the number of functioning nephrons
c) progressive decrease in the number of functioning neurons
d) progressive increase in the number of functioning neurons
Answer: progressive decrease in the number of functioning neurons
5. Which hormone of the pituitary gland helps to automatically reabsorb water from the kidney?
a) Anti-diuretic hormone
b) Diuretic hormone
c) Pro-diuretic hormone
d) Pseudo-diuretic hormone
Answer: Pro-diuretic hormone
6. The total amount of glomerular filtrate is about ____________ per day.
a) 180 liters
b) 18 liters
c) 18 ml
d) 180 ml
Answer: 180 liters
7. The symptoms and signs of profound renal malfunction are known as uremia.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
8. Kidneys has no role maintaining the acid-base balance.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False

Potentiometric Recorder

1. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is in the range of?
a) 17-19 mmHg
b) 7-9 mmHg
c) 170-190 mmHg
d) 70-90 mmHg
Answer: 70-90 mmHg
2. Heart wall is made up of __________ layers.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 7
Answer: 3
3. Electrode paste ______________
a) increases contact impedance
b) equates contact impedance
c) reduces contact impedance
d) absorbs contact impedance
Answer: reduces contact impedance
4. A positive pressure is applied to the blood compartment or a negative pressure established in the dialysate compartment. This process in dialyses is called ______________
a) nano filtration
b) mega filtration
c) micro filtration
d) ultra filtration
Answer: ultra filtration
5. Uremia is the clinical state resulting from _____________
a) renal failure
b) liver failure
c) kidney failure
d) lung failure
Answer: renal failure
6. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) movement of waste product molecules from the dialysate to the blood results in cleaning of the blood
b) movement of waste product molecules from the blood to the dialysate results in cleaning of the blood
c) movement of waste product molecules from the blood to the dialysate results in impuring of the blood
d) movement of waste product molecules from the dialysate to the blood results in cleaning of the blood
Answer: movement of waste product molecules from the blood to the dialysate results in cleaning of the blood
7. The glomerular filtrate consists of blood plasma with proteins.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
8. Dialysis takes place across a membrane of cellophane.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Digital Recorders

1. The ideal membrane should possess _________
a) low permeability to water
b) high permeability to water
c) medium permeability to water
d) high permeability to waste
Answer: high permeability to water
2. KIIL dialyzer is a type of _________
a) coil hemodialyzer
b) hollow fiber dialyzer
c) series flow dialyzer
d) parallel flow dialyzer
Answer: hollow fiber dialyzer
3. Counter-current flow through the artificial kidney is used so that the dialysate enters the kidney at the blood exit-end. Where the blood concentration of waste products is at the lowest level?
a) lowest level
b) very high level
c) high level
d) medium level
Answer: lowest level
4. Which of the following is the commonly used membrane for hemodialysis?
a) Cupraphan
b) Cotton
c) Cellulose
d) calcium
Answer: Cupraphan
5. The volume of blood within the dialyzer is known as __________
a) secondary volume
b) quarterly volume
c) priming volume
d) residual volume
Answer: priming volume
6. The removal of waste products during dialysis is ___________
a) inversely proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane
b) proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane
c) proportional to the flow rate across the membrane
d) inversely proportional to the flow rate across the membrane
Answer: proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane
7. The delta wave in EEG ranges from _________
a) 0.5-4Hz
b) 4-8Hz
c) 8-13Hz
d) 13-22Hz
Answer: 0.5-4Hz
8. The KIIL dialyzer is not disposable.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
9. Parallel flow dialyzer has a low internal resistance. Because of this blood pump is required.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. The volume of blood within the dialyzer is known as priming volume
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Video Printers

1. An ectopic beat, which starts in an abnormal location in the heart and is often premature, therefore also called _______
a) Pre ventricular contraction
b) Premature ventricular beat
c) Pre ventricular beat
d) Premature ventricular contraction
Answer: Premature ventricular contraction
2. Which of the following are resuscitation techniques?
a) Cepstrum coefficient
b) Prophylactic therapy
c) Transthoracic defibrillation
d) Dynamic time warping
Answer: Dynamic time warping
3. Photo-diodes work in ___________
a) forward biased
b) reverse biased
c) independent of forward and reverse biasing
d) any configuration
Answer: reverse biased
4. Which diagnostic statement is based on ECG wave shapes that attempt to describe the state of the working muscle masses?
a) Rhythm statements
b) Morphological statements
c) Morphological-Rhythm statements
d) Rhythm-Morphological statements
Answer: Morphological statements
5. CMRR is measured in _______________
a) V/s
b) dB
c) dB/s
d) dB/ms
Answer: dB
6. Which wave from ECG waveforms becomes widened when the self-triggering impulse does not arrive through the AV node?
a) P wave
b) QRS wave
c) ST wave
d) T wave
Answer: QRS wave
7. Any disturbance in the heart’s normal rhythmic contraction is called?
a) Heart stroke
b) Cardiac arrest
c) Arrhythmias
d) Premature contraction
Answer: Arrhythmias
8. When the heartbeat is slower than the normal rate of the heart(less than 60), this type of arrhythmias called _______
a) Bradycardia
b) Tachycardia
c) Arterial contraction
d) Ventricular contraction
Answer: Bradycardia
9. If heart rate is x, then which value of x is known as tachycardia?
a) x < 60
b) x > 60
c) 60 < x < 100
d) x > 100
Answer: x > 100
10. When the self-triggering impulse does not arrive at the AV node and travels a different and slower path over the ventricles, the QRS becomes widened and is classified as ___________
a) Ectopic beat
b) Ventricular-ectopic beat
c) Ventricular beat
d) Atrio-ventricular beat
Answer: Ventricular-ectopic beat
11. Parallel flow dialyzer has a low internal resistance. Because of this blood pump is required.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
12. An ectopic beat, which starts in an abnormal location in the heart and is often premature, therefore also called Premature ventricular contraction
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
13. Rhythm statements concerned with the site and rate of the cardiac pacemaker and the propagation of impulses through the conduction system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
14. Dynamic time warping are resuscitation techniques
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
15. Any disturbance in the heart’s normal rhythmic contraction is called Arrhythmias
a) True
b) False
Answer: True