Foetal Monitoring Instruments

Cardiotocograph

1. In data recorders, during replay, the tape is run at ________ to achieve rapid manual or automatic scanning of ambulatory records.
a) 80 times of recording speed
b) 70 times of recording speed
c) 60 times of recording speed
d) 50 times of recording speed
Answer: 60 times of recording speed
2. Which CPU has an overall system control responsibility?
a) Control
b) Acquisition
c) Control and timing
d) Acquisition and display
Answer: Control and timing
3. Who provides an excellent review of ambulatory cardiac event recorders?
a) Handelsman
b) Benz
c) Alfonso
d) Friesen
Answer: Benz
4. Which of the following type of systems are not available for ambulatory ECG monitoring?
a) Holter monitors
b) Event Recorders
c) Time Recorders
d) Implantable Loop Recorders
Answer: Time Recorders
5. In the data recording, the normal speed of sub miniature tape recorder is ___________
a) 3 cm/s
b) 2 cm/s
c) 3 mm/s
d) 2 mm/s
Answer: 2 mm/s
6. Full form of P-FCB is ________
a) Planar-Functional Circuit Board
b) Planar-Fashionable Circuit Branch
c) Planar-Functional Circuit Board
d) Planar-Fashionable Circuit Board
Answer: Planar-Fashionable Circuit Board
7. Ambulatory monitoring of ECG is called ____________
a) Event Cardiography
b) Holter Cardiography
c) Real-Time Cardiography
d) Implantable Cardiography
Answer: Holter Cardiography
8. Which of the following is not an arrhythmic condition?
a) Cardiographic beat
b) Bradycardia
c) Dropped beat
d) Ectopic beat
Answer: Cardiographic beat
9. The current state of Holter technology uses small recorders, which size is about _______
a) 75 x 20 x 90 cm
b) 75 x 95 x 20 cm
c) 75 x 20 x 95 mm
d) 75 x 95 x 20 mm
Answer: 75 x 95 x 20 mm
10. The monitor automatically transmits recorded data transtelephonically to a central monitoring station for subsequent analysis when an arrhythmia is detected by an arrhythmia algorithm.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Methods of Monitoring Foetal Heart Rate

1. The transmittance of interference filters varies between ________ % with a spectral bandwidth of 10 to 15 nm.
a) 15 to 20 %
b) 20 to 60 %
c) 10 to 20 %
d) 15 to 60 %
Answer: 15 to 60 %
2. Modern instruments use ________ light source in calorimeters and spectrophotmetry.
a) Xenon-mercury lamp
b) Tungsten-halogen lamp
c) Mercury arc
d) Deuterium discharge lamp
Answer: Tungsten-halogen lamp
3. What is reproduced from a master holographic grating by moulding its grooves onto a resin surface or silica substrate?
a) Diffraction grating
b) Replica grating
c) Silicate glasses
d) Fused silica
Answer: Replica grating
4. What is the most common and convenient source of light?
a) Xenon-mercury arc
b) Hydrogen discharge lamp
c) Neon-xenon arc
d) Tungsten lamp
Answer: Tungsten lamp
5. What are the wavelengths of quartz and fused silica respectively in a hydrogen discharge lamp?
a) 200 nm, 185 nm
b) 200 nm, 145 nm
c) 185 nm, 200 nm
d) 145 nm, 200 nm
Answer: 200 nm, 185 nm
6. The energy must be reflected and returned through a single 30° prism, so that it passes through the prism in both directions is called __________
a) Cornu mounting
b) Mono mounting
c) Littrow mounting
d) Trio mounting
Answer: Littrow mounting
7. Which of the following is the dielectric?
a) MgF3
b) ZnF2
c) ZnS
d) ZnF3
Answer: ZnS
8. In the radiation source, for work in the ultraviolet region, a _______ is used.
a) Tungsten lamp
b) Xenon-mercury arc
c) Deuterium discharge lamp
d) Hydrogen arc
Answer: Deuterium discharge lamp
9. The expression relating the wavelength of the radiation and the angle (q) at which it is reflected is given by _________
a) ml = 2d sin q, where l= lambda
b) m = 2d sin q
c) ml = d sin q, where l= lambda
d) m = d sin q
Answer: ml = 2d sin q, where l= lambda
10. With the use of _______ chromatic aberrations and other imperfections of the lenses are minimized.
a) Lenses
b) Mirrors
c) Slits
d) Diaphragm
Answer: Mirrors
11. Which system may include lenses, mirrors, slits, diaphragm etc?
a) Radiant system
b) Optical system
c) Cardiac system
d) Photo system
Answer: Optical system
12. In sample holders, for such applications, a 50 cm path-length with about a ________ volume cell is employed.
a) 0.3 ml
b) 3 liters
c) 0.3 liters
d) 3 ml
Answer: 0.3 liters
13. The sample holder is generally inserted somewhere in the interval between the ______and _______
a) Silvered film and multi-layered coating
b) The light source and the detector
c) The light source and silvered film
d) Silvered film and the detector
Answer: The light source and the detector
14. A typical reflection grating may have 1200 grooves/mm, which means the grooves are spaced at about _______ intervals.
a) 800 nm
b) 600 nm
c) 860 nm
d) 680 nm
Answer: 800 nm
15. _______ are optical systems, which provide better isolation of spectral energy than the optical filters.
a) Spectromators
b) Monochromators
c) Tocochromators
d) Baromators
Answer: Monochromators
16. Which material is used to reduce the reflections from glass surfaces?
a) Manganese Flouride
b) Magnesium oxide
c) Magnesium Flouride
d) Manganese oxide
Answer: Magnesium Flouride
17. _______ are often used for splitting the beam.
a) Multilayer coated lenses
b) Silvered films
c) Silicate glasses
d) Half-silvered mirrors
Answer: Half-silvered mirrors
18. Most modern instruments now use a _______ as a dispersing element in the monochromator.
a) Prism monochromators
b) Holographic gratings
c) Diffraction gratings
d) Replica gratings
Answer: Diffraction gratings
19. What is the utilization wavelength limit for quartz?
a) 300 nm
b) 350 nm
c) 180 nm
d) 210 nm
Answer: 210 nm
20. The absorption type optical filter usually consists of coloured glasses, gelatin etc. and solutions of the coloured substances.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Monitoring Labour Activity

1. The ratio of the radiant power transmitted by a sample to the radiant power incident on the sample is known as ______
a) Absorbance
b) Transmittance
c) Optical density
d) Photometric concentration
Answer: Transmittance
2. The method based on the absorption of radiation of a substance is known as?
a) Absorption photometry
b) Spectrophotometry
c) Absorption tocometry
d) Absorption spectrophotoscopy
Answer: Absorption spectrophotoscopy
3. What is the percentage of blood plasma and the blood cells respectively in blood volume?
a) 60, 40
b) 40, 60
c) 70, 30
d) 30, 70
Answer: 60, 40
4. Which of the following method is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges?
a) Cardiotocography
b) Ultrasonic therapy
c) Spectrophotometry
d) Diathermy
Answer: Spectrophotometry
5. Which section of the clinical laboratory deals with determinations of the number and characteristics of the constituents of the blood, particularly the blood cells?
a) Chemistry
b) Haematology
c) Microbiology
d) Sample collection
Answer: Haematology
6. Which of the following is not a source of radiant energy?
a) Tungsten-mercury lamp
b) Tungsten lamp
c) Xenon-mercury arc
d) Deuterium discharge lamp
Answer: Tungsten-mercury lamp
7. What is the range of visible light of electromagnetic spectrum?
a) 380 to 780 mm
b) 780 to 1080 nm
c) 380 to 780 nm
d) 380 to 1080 nm
Answer: 380 to 780 nm
8. If absorbance is plotted graphically against concentration, the graph is _________
a) Parabola
b) Increasing
c) Straight line
d) Decreasing
Answer: Straight line
9. Which of the following waves have short wave-length?
a) Microwave
b) Radio wave
c) Gamma rays
d) IR waves
Answer: Gamma rays
10. The plasma is a viscous, light yellow liquid, i.e. almost clear in the fasting stage.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True

Recording System

1. How many sounds are produced from the normal foetal heart action?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: 2
2. Which technique is used to derive an integrated rate of the foetus heart from blood flow signals and to display it on a suitable display system?
a) Abdominal Foetal Electrocardiogram
b) Foetal Phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
Answer: Ultrasound
3. No output pulse will occur when the period between two pulses is less than _____ ms.
a) 230
b) 20
c) 400
d) 440
Answer: 400
4. What is used to detect heart frequency in foetal phonocardiograph?
a) 230 ms one shot
b) 400 ms one shot
c) 20 ms one shot
d) 440 ms one shot
Answer: 400 ms one shot
5. Crystal microphone is used for picking _______ signals.
a) cardiac
b) brain
c) phono
d) muscles
Answer: phono
6. How are foetal heart sounds picked up from the maternal abdomen?
a) Piezoelectric device
b) Sensitive Microphone
c) Crystal microphone
d) Dynamic microphone
Answer: Sensitive Microphone
7. What is ultrasonic frequency employed for obstetric studies?
a) 0.5 to 1 MHz
b) 1 to 1.5 MHz
c) 1.5 to 2 MHz
d) 2 to 2.5 MHz
Answer: 2 to 2.5 MHz
8. What is the fixed pulse width of the pulse after process of one-shot circuit?
a) 110 ms
b) 170 ms
c) 230 ms
d) 280 ms
Answer: 230 ms
9. What is range of ultrasonic energy transmitted into the body?
a) 0-5 mW/cm2
b) 5-10 mW/cm2
c) 10-15 mW/cm2
d) 15-20 mW/cm2
Answer: 10-15 mW/cm2
10. What is used to delay the change in the time constant in foetal phonocardiograph?
a) Preamplifier
b) Notch Filter
c) Integrator
d) Band Pass Filter
Answer: Integrator
11. Which of the following instrument makes use of the Doppler shift principle?
a) Abdominal Foetal Electrocardiogram
b) Foetal Phonocardiogram
c) Foetus blood flow detector
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
Answer: Foetus blood flow detector
12. Bandpass filter used in foetal phonocardiogram rejects all frequencies outside the ________ Hz range.
a) 0-40
b) 40-80
c) 70-110
d) 110-150
Answer: 70-110
13. Ultrasound provides basically clearer signal than does phonocardiography.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
14. If the period duration is lesser than 400 ms, the one-shot will deliver a pulse.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
15. The preamplifier is incorporated in the transducer housing to maximize interference signals being picked up.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False