Patient Monitoring System multiple choice questions
Patient Monitoring System
System Concepts
1. How lead selector selects electrodes?
a) one by one
b) two by two
c) three by three
d) four by four
Answer: two by two
2. Which machines CMRR is of order of 100-120 dB?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) EEG
d) ECG
Answer: ECG
3. ‘Stand by’ mode of operation is generally provided in which instrument?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) ECG
d) EMG
Answer: ECG
4. How many paper speeds are necessary for ECG recording?
a) One
b) Minimum two
c) Can be any
d) Max two
Answer: Minimum two
5. Which of the following instrument records the electrical activity of the heart?
a) VCG(Vectorcardiograph)
b) PCG(Phonocardiograph)
c) ECG(Electrocardiograph)
d)EEG(Electroencephalograph)
Answer: ECG(Electrocardiograph)
6. Why is preamplifier used?
a) For Amplification
b) For Stabilizing effect
c) For Reducing effect
d) For Modifying effects
Answer: For Stabilizing effect
7. What is paper recording speed for routine work?
a) 10 mm/s
b) 15 mm/s
c) 20 mm/s
d) 25 mm/s
Answer: 20 mm/s
8. Where are potentials picked up by patient electrodes taken to?
a) Lead Selector switch
b) Preamp
c) Power Amplifier
d) Instrumentational amplifier
Answer: Lead Selector switch
9. What measurements are made vertically on electrocardiogram?
a) Time Measurements
b) Heart Rate Measurements
c) Amplitude Measurements
d) Time Measurements and Heart Rate Measurements
Answer: Amplitude Measurements
10. What is sensitivity of an electrocardiograph?
a) 10 mm/mV
b) 15 mm/mV
c) 20 mm/mV
d) 25 mm/mV
Answer: 10 mm/mV
11. The amplified output signal is picked up single-ended from preamp and is given to the _________
a) Power Amplifier
b) Lead Selector
c) Pen Motor
d) Paper motor
Answer: Power Amplifier
12. Who provides valuable information about a wide range of cardiac disorders?
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) PCG
d) EEG
Answer: ECG
13. ________ are made horizontally on electrocardiogram.
a) Time Measurements
b) Heart Rate Measurements
c) Time Measurements and Heart Rate Measurements
d) Not fixed and can be any thing
Answer: Time Measurements and Heart Rate Measurements
14. What is diagnostically useful frequency range?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 150 Hz
c) 150 to 200 Hz
d) 0.05 to 150 MHz
Answer: 0.05 to 150 Hz
15. Electrocardiography are used in catheterization laboratories, coronary care units and for routine diagnostic applications in cardiology.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Cardiac Monitor
1. Blood vessels are _______
a) soft tissue
b) hard tissue
c) connective and hard tissue
d) connective and soft tissue
Answer: connective and soft tissue
2. Filter that amplifies frequency above certain value is called ___________
a) low pass filter
b) high pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) band stop filter
Answer: high pass filter
3. An artificial limb, a sensory substitution system, or an augmentative communication aid is prosthetic devices __________
a) therapeutic device
b) diagnostics device
c) orthosis device
d) prosthetic device
Answer: prosthetic device
4. Transcutaneous means ________
a) passing to the skin
b) passing to the bones
c) passing to the heart
d) passing to the lungs
Answer: passing to the skin
5. For rehabilitation engineering perspective a task that is specific to a single sense or movement pattern is called _______
a) Functional Limitation
b) Societal Limitation
c) Modality-Specific
d) Pathophysiology
Answer: Modality-Specific
6. Aesthetics of appearance is called ____________
a) orthosis
b) cosmesis
c) lymphosis
d) homeostasis
Answer: cosmesis
7. Which of the following is not a soft tissue?
a) ligament
b) bone
c) tendons
d) skin
Answer: bone
8. Interruption or interference with normal physiological and developmental processes or structures is called _________
a) Functional Limitation
b) Pathophysiology
c) Societal Limitation
d) Modality-Specific
Answer: Pathophysiology
9. Bones are non – living tissues.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
10. Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various cellular activities which happen throughout the human body.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Bedside Patient Monitoring System
1. Which wave detection is used to differentiate between a Sinus Rhythm and a Supraventricular Rhythm?
a) P wave
b) QRS complex
c) T wave
d) R wave
Answer: P wave
2. What is the value of the refractory period from the previously identified QRS complex?
a) 200 ms
b) 198 ms
c) 192 ms
d) 215 ms
Answer: 192 ms
3. The heart rate is computed by averaging the most recent _________________
a) 12 P waves
b) 12 R-R intervals
c) 12 QRS complex
d) 12 R waves
Answer: 12 R-R intervals
4. Who gave the ST/AR algorithm in 1999?
a) Hewlett Packard
b) Jen and Hwang
c) Clynes
d) Cox and Nolle
Answer: Hewlett Packard
5. If the height of the P wave is X, then the height of the R wave is _____
a) X/32
b) 32/X
c) X/16
d) 32X
Answer: 32X
6. A model of the normal QRS complex, called ___________
a) ECG model
b) QRS model
c) Template
d) Detection model
Answer: Template
7. The frequency of the sinusoid and the filter leakage fraction, these two criteria are used for ____________
a) Detection of arrhythmias
b) Detection of QRS complex
c) Detection of Ventricular fibrillation
d) Detection of Heart-rate
Answer: Detection of Ventricular fibrillation
8. Friesen compared _______ of nine types of QRS detection algorithms.
a) QRS complex sensitivity
b) Noise sensitivity
c) Motion artifact
d) Muscle artifact
Answer: Noise sensitivity
9. In order to detect the QRS, the detection threshold is kept as ________ to prevent the detection of T waves or baseline noise as QRS complexes during a complete heart block or asystole.
a) 0.15 V
b) 0.015 mV
c) 0.015 mV
d) 0.00015 V
Answer: 0.00015 V
10. For how much time period, the weighting factors are updated to allow for quick adaptation to signal quality changes?
a) Every 192 ms
b) Every 16 ms
c) Every 215 ms
d) Every 200 ms
Answer: Every 200 ms
11. If a flutter or sinusoidal wave-form persists for more than __________ seconds in any ECG channel, then the monitor alarms for ventricular fibrillation.
a) 8 sec
b) 2 sec
c) 4 sec
d) 12 sec
Answer: 4 sec
12. The area of the P wave is ______ wide and ends ______ before the R wave peak.
a) 120 ms, 200 ms
b) 200 ms, 120 ms
c) 100 ms, 215 ms
d) 215 ms, 100 ms
Answer: 200 ms, 120 ms
13. For an ideal sinusoid, the filter leakage fraction will be _____
a) 1
b) 0
c) Infinity
d) Undefined
Answer: 0
14. In the Beat Labeling, if the signal quality is not good, the algorithm assigns the label ______ and ______
a) Supraventricular premature, inoperative
b) Inoperative, artifact
c) Artifact, Supraventricular premature
d) Ventricular ectopic, inoperative
Answer: Inoperative, artifact
15. The contribution from each ECG lead to the QRS detection signal is proportional to its measured quality based on the waveform amplitude, and the amount of muscle and baseline noise.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Central Monitors
1. Full form of AZTEC _______________
a) Amplitude Zone Tech Epoch Coding
b) Amplitude Zone Time Epoch Coding
c) Arrhythmia Zone Tech Epoch Coding
d) Arrhythmia Zone Time Epoch Coding
Answer: Amplitude Zone Time Epoch Coding
2. In the detection of the waveform of ECG signal, a wave is considered as a T wave if _______
a) It occurs within a 120 ms interval
b) Its peak occurred within 1/6th the R-R interval
c) It occurs within a 200 ms interval
d) Its peak occurred within 1/3rd the R wave height
Answer: It occurs within a 200 ms interval
3. Who suggests a new discrete wavelet transform for compressing ECG signals with minimum loss of diagnostic information?
a) Alshamali
b) Friesen
c) Al-Ajlouni
d) Cox and Nolle
Answer: Al-Ajlouni
4. Which of the following techniques are not included in the transformation domain category?
a) Wavelet transform
b) Discrete cosine transform
c) Fourier descriptors
d) Combine discrete cosine and Fourier transform
Answer: Combine discrete cosine and Fourier transform
5. Cox and Nolle suggested AZTEC – pre-processing program for real time ECG rhythm analysis at an approximate data reduction rate of _______________
a) 1:10
b) 10:1
c) 1:20
d) 20:1
Answer: 10:1
6. AZTEC contains digital logic, which is able to detect?
a) Baseline wander
b) QRS complex
c) R-R interval
d) Motion artifact
Answer: Baseline wander
7. Which one of the following is not the category of ECG compression techniques?
a) Transformation domain
b) Parameter Extraction
c) Frequency domain
d) Time domain
Answer: Frequency domain
8. The four measurements of QRS and a fifth measurement called ________ based on height, duration and offset to those of the patient’s normal QRS are compared.
a) QRS polarity
b) R-to-R interval
c) Wiggle
d) Distance D
Answer: Distance D
9. The scan-along polygonal approximation and the amplitude zone time epoch coding are the examples of the __________ category of ECG compression techniques.
a) Transformation domain
b) Time domain
c) Parameter extraction
d) Frequency domain
Answer: Time domain
10. A signal of poor quality that cannot be processed is called chaotic.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Measurement of Heart Rate
1. Voltage difference between an active electrode on the scalp with respect to reference electrode at ear lobe or any other part of body is known as ___________ recording.
a) Monopolar
b) Bipolar
c) Unipolar
d) Nonpolar
Answer: Monopolar
2. What is the typical value of the calibration signal?
a) 10 uV/cm
b) 30 uV/cm
c) 50 uV/cm
d) 70 uV/cm
Answer: 50 uV/cm
3. _______ is the superimposed wave of neuron potentials operating in a non-synchrronized manner in a physical sense.
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) EEG
d) PCG
Answer: EEG
4. Where is the reference electrode placed?
a) nasal
b) cervical
c) forehead
d) facial
Answer: forehead
5. EEG machines have notch filter sharply tuned at _______ Hz as to eliminate mains frequency interference.
a) 10
b) 30
c) 50
d) 70
Answer: 50
6. What are generally designed to have a very high value of input impedance to take care of high electrode impedance?
a) Montages
b) Electrodes
c) Preamplifiers
d) Filters
Answer: Preamplifiers
7. What is the typical frequency range of standard EEG machines?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 0.1 Hz
c) 0.1 to 70 Hz
d) 70 to 140 Hz
Answer: 0.1 to 70 Hz
8. Which of the following is material is used to improve electrical contact?
a) Silver Tungsten
b) Electrode jelly
c) Silver Graphite
d) Copper Tungsten
Answer: Electrode jelly
9. How is bipolar recording done?
a) Omni channel EEG
b) Multi channel EEG
c) Uni Channel EEG
d) Non Channel EEG
Answer: Multi channel EEG
10. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the electrical activity of the brain?
a) ECG
b) EMG
c) PCG
d) EEG
Answer: EEG
11. A pattern of electrodes on the head and the channels they are connected to are __________
a) Amplifiers
b) Oscilloscope
c) Montage
d) Wires
Answer: Montage
12. Whose electrodes give high skin impedance as compared to ECG?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) EMG
d) EEG
Answer: EEG
13. Preamplifiers used in electroencephalograph have high gain and low noise characteristics.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
14. EEG signals picked up by surface electrodes are usually small as compared to ECG.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
15. EEG electrodes are larger in size than ECG electrodes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
Measurement of Temperature
1. What is the frequency range of sound generated from the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve?
a) 0 to 30 Hz
b) 30 to 100 Hz
c) 100 to 1000 Hz
d) above 1000 Hz
Answer: 30 to 100 Hz
2. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of the heart?
a) ECG
b) VCG
c) PCG
d) EEG
Answer: PCG
3. Who described the new acoustic sensor?
a) Goldenetal
b) Rijnetal
c) Levkovetal
d) Kassaletal
Answer: Kassaletal
4. What is the frequency range of amplifier used for a phonocardiograph?
a) less than 0 Hz
b) 0 to 20 Hz
c) 20 to 2000 Hz
d) above 2000 Hz
Answer: 20 to 2000 Hz
5. Vectorcardiogram displays the electrical events in __________ perpendicular axes.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: two
6. How many loops each vectorcardiogram exhibits?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer: three
7. Who provides a recording of waveforms of heart sounds?
a) Electrocardiograph
b) Vectorcardiograph
c) Phonocardiograph
d) Electromyograph
Answer: Phonocardiograph
8. Acoustic sensor principal sensing component is made up of which polymer?
a) PEO(Poly-ethylene oxide)
b) PET(Poly-ethylene tetraphthalate)
c) PVDF(Poly-vinylidene fluoride)
d) PS(Poly-styrene)
Answer: PVDF(Poly-vinylidene fluoride)
9. Which of the following microphone is used for recording phonocardiograms?
a) Contact Microphone
b) Shotgun Microphone
c) Handheld Microphone
d) Lapel Microphone
Answer: Contact Microphone
10. Which instrument is used for clinical detection of heart sounds?
a) Stethoscope
b) Endoscope
c) Anoscope
d) Proctoscope
Answer: Stethoscope
11. What is the thickness of the new acoustic sensor?
a) 0.25 mm
b) 0.5 mm
c) 1.0 mm
d) 1.5 mm
Answer: 1.0 mm
12. Which of the following is the technique of analyzing the electrical activity of the heart by obtaining ECG’s?
a) VCG
b) EEG
c) EMG
d) PCG
Answer: VCG
13. What is the frequency range of sound produced at the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves?
a) less than 0 Hz
b) 0 to 30 Hz
c) 30 to 100 Hz
d) above 100 Hz
Answer: above 100 Hz
14. ___________ is a vectorial representation of the distribution of electric potentials generated by heart.
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) PCG
d) VCG
Answer: VCG
15. PCG amplifiers usually have gain compensation circuits to increase the amplification of high frequency signals, which are usually of low intensity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Measurement of Respiration Rate
1. What is included in the system to facilitate playback and study of EMG sound waveforms at a later convenient time?
a) Preamplifier
b) Oscilloscope
c) Tape Recorder
d) Ground Electrode
Answer: Tape Recorder
2. The amplitude of EMG signals depend upon which of the following factor?
a) Respiration
b) Position of electrode
c) Blood Resistivity
d) Ventricular Volume
Answer: Position of electrode
3. Which of the following instrument is used for making a study of reflex responses?
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) VCG
d) EMG
Answer: EMG
4. EMG instrument contain frequency component extending up to ____________ Khz.
a) 1
b) 5
c) 10
d) 15
Answer: 10
5. Whose measurements are important for myoelectric control of prosthetic devices?
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) EEG
d) EMG
Answer: EMG
6. Which of the following interpreter can diagnose various muscular disorders by listening to the sounds produced when the muscle potentials are fed to loudspeaker?
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) VCG
d) EMG
Answer: EMG
7. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles?
a) ECG
b) EMG
c) PCG
d) EEG
Answer: EMG
8. What is the typical range of EMG signals?
a) 0.025 to 0.050 mV
b) 0.050 to 0.1 mV
c) 0.1 to 0.5 mV
d) 0.5 to 1 mV
Answer: 0.1 to 0.5 mV
9. What should be CMRR of preamplifier upto 5 Khz?
a) 10 dB
b) 30 dB
c) 90 dB
d) greater than 90 dB
Answer: greater than 90 dB
10. What is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement?
a) active electrode
b) ground electrode
c) tape recorder
d) oscilloscope
Answer: ground electrode
11. What is the diameter of silver electrodes in the amplifier circuit of Johnson et al?
a) 2 mm
b) 4 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 10 mm
Answer: 6 mm
12. What is used to display EMG waveforms?
a) Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
b) Analog storage Oscilloscope
c) Digital Oscilloscope
d) Dual-beam Oscilloscope
Answer: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
13. EMG instrument is useful for making study of ___________
a) cardiovascular function
b) neuromuscular function
c) nervous function
d) Immune function
Answer: neuromuscular function
14. Modern EMG machines are PC based.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
15. EMG is recorded by using surface electrodes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Catheterization Laboratory Instrumentation
1. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the change in potential when light falls on the eye?
a) Apexcardiography
b) Ballistocardiography
c) Electro-oculography
d) Electro-retinography
Answer: Electro-retinography
2. What is used to pick EOG potentials?
a) Oscilloscope
b) Tape Recorder
c) Surface Electrodes
d) Preamplifier
Answer: Surface Electrodes
3. What is mounted on the table to convert the movements into corresponding electrical signals in BCG?
a) Oscilloscope
b) Sensing device
c) Pramplifier
d) Tape recorder
Answer: Sensing device
4. Which of the following is useful in the diagnosis of the enlargement of the heart chambers and some type of valvular disorders?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
Answer: Apexcardiograph
5. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the movements imparted to the body with each beat of the heart cycle?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
Answer: Ballistocardiograph
6. What is the frequency range of Chest-wall movements?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 0.1 Hz
c) 0.1 to 20 Hz
d) 20 to 100 Hz
Answer: 0.1 to 20 Hz
7. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the chest-wall movements over the apex of heart?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
Answer: Apexcardiograph
8. ________________ is the recording of the bio-potentials generated by the movement of eye ball.
a) Apexcardiography
b) Electro-oculography
c) Electro-retinography
d) Ballistocardiography
Answer: Electro-oculography
9. One of the electrode is mounted on the contact lens and the other is placed to the skin adjacent to the outer cornea of the eye.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
10. The transducer required for recording these movements in apexcardiograph is similar to the electrocardiograph.
a) True
b) False
Answer: False
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